Venom Wiki / Diphoofolo tsohle / Dinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornet

No. 0979 ho 1 402

Paulista wasp

Polybia paulista

E utlwisa bohloko feelaE a utlwisa bohloko, empa e ke ke ya o lematsa haholo.

Dinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornet

Ho hlabaE ja: Hanyane ka tsohle

Kotsi ho batho: E bohlokoE ka utlwisa bohloko haholo, empa hoo e batlang e le kamehla ha e kotsi haholo.

The Paulista wasp is a social wasp that lives in colonies of thousands of wasps. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. Scientists are studying its venom because some of its peptides (small protein-like molecules) may one day help treat cancer and epilepsy.1

E phela

Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina; especially common in São Paulo, Brazil1

Amerika Borwa

Lapeng

It lives in tropical areas and builds its nests where they are protected from weathering. Up to three colonies can share the same location, and swarms appear from time to time.1

Bolelele

1,1 cm (0,4 in)3

boholo bo tlwaelehileng ba e hodileng

Lebelo le phahameng

e ka bang 22 km/h (14 mph)

Ho fofa, kakanyo feela

E ja eng?

Workers forage for water, plant fibre or pulp, animal protein and carbohydrates. Animal protein is used to feed the larvae, and adults feed mainly on cactus fruits when these are plentiful.1

Foto ya Paulista wasp — Paulista wasp. Foto: Douglas. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ho e tseba jwang

Lives in a colony with a division of labour between young, middle-aged and older wasps1
Builds a nest with combs and envelopes, which are fixed to a surface1
Forms a tight cluster of wasps on the outside of a new nest while the inside has little room1
Found in tropical areas of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina1

Matla a chefo

Ho hlaba

Chefo e tswa ka lemao le hlabang.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

The venom contains several peptides. These cause pain, swelling (oedema) and haemolysis, which means they break down red blood cells. They also trigger an inflammatory response, which causes physical discomfort.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E bohlokoE ka utlwisa bohloko haholo, empa hoo e batlang e le kamehla ha e kotsi haholo.

E etsang ha e tshohile?

Wasps use venom to defend themselves and their colony against predators, and workers defend the nest.1

Haeba e hlaba

Kgwaratla lemao la notshi o le ntshe mme o pholise sebaka seo.
Haeba motho a hema ka thata, sefahleho kapa qoqotho di ruruha, kapa a ikutlwa a tla idibala, ke tshohanyetso ya aletjhi (allergy): letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso mme o sebedise pene ya hae ya adrenaline (adrenaline auto-injector) haeba a na le yona.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
Haeba e nngwe e o hlaba: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

Afrika Asia Yuropa Amerika Leboya Amerika Borwa Australia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

e nyenyane hoo e ka dulang lenalong la haoe ka fofa ho tshela lebala lohle la bolo ya maoto ka metsotswana e 17

Paulista wasp e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

Ntsintsi ya ntlong e ka bang 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

Paulista wasp e ka bang 22 km/h (14 mph)

Motho ya mathang ka matla e ka bang 37 km/h (23 mph)

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

A peptide in the venom, called Polybia-MP1, kills cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact, according to research so far. Further studies are needed to confirm it is safe as a chemotherapy drug.1

The venom contains mastoparan, which has been shown to inhibit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas disease.1

Workers cool the nest by fanning their wings and spreading water on the combs, so the water evaporates and lowers the temperature.1

Colonies can contain from 10 to 94 queens, because young queens are constantly recruited.1

A colony can hold about 4,500 wasps during its early stage, and up to 13,000 wasps while males are being produced.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense: Polybia paulista
Sehlopha: Dinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornet
Lelapa: Vespidae2
Tatelano: Hymenoptera
Dikontinente: Amerika Borwa
Masea: Queens lay eggs that develop into workers throughout the year, and they store sperm to fertilise the eggs.1
Kotsi ho batho: 2 / 5: E bohloko3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

Polybia paulista (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Polybia paulista (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
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