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Mamushi
KuumwaThe mamushi is a pit viper, a type of snake that has heat-sensing pits between its eyes and nostrils. It lives in Japan, in places such as swamps, meadows and farmland. It matters because its bite is one of the most dangerous of Japan's snakes.1
Jinsi ya kumtambua
- Background colour is pale grey, reddish-brown or yellow-brown.1
- A series of irregular blotches runs along the body. Each blotch has a black border and often a lighter centre.1
- The head is dark brown or black, with beige or pale-grey sides.1
- Adults are typically 45 to 81 cm long.1
- It has excellent camouflage and often hides among plants or leaf litter.1
Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: It is similar to the cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon) of the Americas, and it was long considered part of the same group.1
Nguvu ya sumu
Sumu hutoka kupitia meno yake ya sumu au meno anapouma.
Sumu yake hufanya nini?
Its venom is mostly haemolytic, meaning it breaks down red blood cells. It also contains two neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and an anticoagulant, which stops blood from clotting. Reported effects include kidney failure, visual disturbances and palsy (paralysis).1
Ana hatari gani kwa watu?
Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.About 2000 to 3000 people in Japan are bitten by a mamushi each year. Approximately 10 die annually. Severe bites require intensive care, and typical bite victims need about one week of hospital treatment.1
Habari njema: madaktari wana dawa (ya kuzuia sumu) au matibabu ya hili.1
Akiuma
- Treatment is given in hospital. It involves cutting the wound to remove venom and injecting mamushi antivenom. Pregnant women who are bitten have had miscarriages, so medical care is essential.1
- Mweke mtu bila kutikisika na mtulivu, weka kiungo kilichoumwa usawa wa moyo, ondoa pete na vitu vinavyobana, na umpeleke hospitali haraka.
Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza
Kaa salama
- Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
- Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
- Akikuuma: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.
Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama
Ana ukubwa gani?
Ana urefu gani?
urefu sawa na paka wa nyumbani 1.5 kutoka pua hadi mkia
urefu sawa na ndizi 5 zilizopangwa mstari
angeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 110 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)Mamushi ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?
Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.
Ana kasi gani?
Ukweli
Recovery takes a long time. Bite victims may need several months to fully recover, even after hospital treatment and weeks of follow-up care.1
It is highly resistant to its own venom because its blood contains neutralising factors, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors.1
Its beta-toxin acts before the nerve junction, so anticholinesterase drugs cannot block or treat its effects.1
Its venom contains a peptide called ablomin, which is very similar in amino acid sequence to helothermine, a venom peptide of the Mexican beaded lizard.1
It is considered one of the most venomous snakes in Japan, along with the yamakagashi and the Okinawan habu.1
Its venom varies very little across Japan in either potency or effects.1
Ukweli unatoka wapi
- Mamushi (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
- Gloydius blomhoffii (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
- Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.
Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.
Nge ana njaa! Venom Wiki ni mradi wa mtu mmoja: bure, bila matangazo na bila vifuatiliaji. Mchango mdogo husaidia kuiweka hewani.Mlishe nge
Brown spotted pit viper
Habu
Hump-nosed viper
Hundred-pace viper
Malayan pit viper
Mangshan pit viper
Deathstalker
Swila wa India
Indian saw-scaled viper
Koboko mfalme
Kifutu
Kifutu wa Russell