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Paulista wasp

Polybia paulista

Inauma tuInauma, lakini haitakudhuru vibaya.

Nyuki, nyigu na mavu

KudungwaHula: Kidogo cha kila kitu

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

The Paulista wasp is a social wasp that lives in colonies of thousands of wasps. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. Scientists are studying its venom because some of its peptides (small protein-like molecules) may one day help treat cancer and epilepsy.1

Anaishi

Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina; especially common in São Paulo, Brazil1

Amerika Kusini

Nyumbani

It lives in tropical areas and builds its nests where they are protected from weathering. Up to three colonies can share the same location, and swarms appear from time to time.1

Urefu

1.1 cm (0.4 in)3

ukubwa wa kawaida wa mnyama mzima

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 22 kwa saa (maili 14 kwa saa)

Anayeruka, makadirio

Hula nini?

Workers forage for water, plant fibre or pulp, animal protein and carbohydrates. Animal protein is used to feed the larvae, and adults feed mainly on cactus fruits when these are plentiful.1

Picha ya Paulista wasp — Paulista wasp. Picha: Douglas. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Lives in a colony with a division of labour between young, middle-aged and older wasps1
Builds a nest with combs and envelopes, which are fixed to a surface1
Forms a tight cluster of wasps on the outside of a new nest while the inside has little room1
Found in tropical areas of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kudungwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia mdungo.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

The venom contains several peptides. These cause pain, swelling (oedema) and haemolysis, which means they break down red blood cells. They also trigger an inflammatory response, which causes physical discomfort.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

Wasps use venom to defend themselves and their colony against predators, and workers defend the nest.1

Akidunga

Kwangua mwiba wa nyuki na upoze mahali hapo.
Mtu akipata shida ya kupumua, uso au koo likivimba, au akijisikia kuzimia, hiyo ni dharura ya mzio: piga namba ya dharura na umtumie kalamu yake ya adrenalini kama anayo.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Akikudunga: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

mdogo kiasi cha kukaa juu ya ukucha wakoangeweza kuruka kuvuka uwanja mzima wa mpira kwa sekunde 17

Paulista wasp ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Inzi wa nyumbani takriban km 7 kwa saa (4.4 mph)

Paulista wasp takriban km 22 kwa saa (14 mph)

Mtu anayekimbia kwa kasi takriban km 37 kwa saa (23 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

A peptide in the venom, called Polybia-MP1, kills cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact, according to research so far. Further studies are needed to confirm it is safe as a chemotherapy drug.1

The venom contains mastoparan, which has been shown to inhibit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas disease.1

Workers cool the nest by fanning their wings and spreading water on the combs, so the water evaporates and lowers the temperature.1

Colonies can contain from 10 to 94 queens, because young queens are constantly recruited.1

A colony can hold about 4,500 wasps during its early stage, and up to 13,000 wasps while males are being produced.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Polybia paulista
Kundi: Nyuki, nyigu na mavu
Familia: Vespidae2
Mpangilio: Hymenoptera
Mabara: Amerika Kusini
Watoto: Queens lay eggs that develop into workers throughout the year, and they store sperm to fertilise the eggs.1
Hatari kwa watu: 2 / 5: Inauma3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Polybia paulista (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Polybia paulista (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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