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Urutu

Bothrops alternatus

Kuhusu jina: The scientific name alternatus is Latin for "alternating", apparently because of the staggered markings along its body. The common name urutu refers to the crescent markings on its body.1

Anaweza kuuaCan kill you without treatment. If it bites you, get help fast.

Nyoka wenye vishimo

Kuumwa

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

The urutu is a large, stout pit viper from South America. It is highly venomous and is an important cause of snakebites in the areas where it lives. Its body has a striking pattern of dark crescent-shaped markings.1

Anaishi

Southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina1

Amerika Kusini

Nyumbani

It lives in tropical and semitropical forests, temperate deciduous forests, marshes, swamps, riverbanks, grasslands and cerrado. It is also common in sugarcane plantations, and it is usually absent from dry environments.1

Urefu

80 cm hadi 1.7 m (2.6 ft hadi 5.5 ft)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 3.8 kwa saa (maili 2.4 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Picha ya Urutu — Urutu. Picha: K. Zyskowski & Y. Bereshpolova. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Large and stout, most adults are 80 to 120 cm long.1
The top of the head is usually chocolate brown to almost black, with tan to white markings.1
The body has 22 to 28 dark brown to black markings, each bordered in cream or white. Some look like a cross, and some look like a headphone shape.1
The pattern on the tail forms a zigzag.1
A dark brown to black stripe runs along the underside from the neck to the tail tip.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kuumwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia meno yake ya sumu au meno anapouma.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

The urutu is highly venomous. Its venom mainly contains phospholipase A2, snake venom metalloproteinases, snake venom serine proteases and C-type lectins. In one study of 32 patients, all had local pain and swelling, 97% had prolonged blood clotting, 41% had bleeding (usually from the gums), 32% had blistering and 9% had necrosis (death of tissue).1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

Bites are an important cause of snakebite in its range and often cause severe local tissue damage, but they are rarely fatal. In a survey of 6,601 snakebite cases in Central and South America, 384 were attributed to this species, and 8 of those (2%) were fatal. Some bites have caused gangrene that required amputation, and in 2004 a 44-year-old woman died of a brain bleed after being bitten at home.1

Habari njema: madaktari wana dawa (ya kuzuia sumu) au matibabu ya hili.1

If it bites

In one Brazilian hospital study, all 32 bitten patients were treated with specific antivenin (antivenom), and none of them died.1
Mweke mtu bila kutikisika na mtulivu, weka kiungo kilichoumwa usawa wa moyo, ondoa pete na vitu vinavyobana, na umpeleke hospitali haraka.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
If one bites you: stay calm, keep still, call your emergency number (112, 000, 911) or get to a hospital fast. Remember what it looked like, a photo helps.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

urefu sawa na paka wa nyumbani 3 kutoka pua hadi mkiaurefu sawa na ndizi 9 zilizopangwa mstariangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 95 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Urutu ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Kobe takriban km 0.3 kwa saa (0.19 mph)

Urutu takriban km 3.8 kwa saa (2.4 mph)

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

Genome sequencing found 59 toxin genes from 16 toxin families.1

Its verified maximum length is 169 cm, although reports of over 2 m exist.1

Some unusual individuals have dark stripes running the full length of the body.1

In some specimens the pattern is so concentrated that the markings and the gaps between them are the same colour.1

Females are significantly longer and heavier than males.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: The bite of this snake is almost always deadly.

Ukweli: Bites are rarely fatal, although they often cause severe local tissue damage. In one survey, only 2% of cases attributed to this species were fatal.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Bothrops alternatus
Kundi: Nyoka wenye vishimo
Familia: Viperidae2
Mpangilio: Squamata
Mabara: Amerika Kusini
Watoto: It gives birth to live young, with captive females producing 3 to 12 young and some females producing up to 24. The newborns look like adults but are more brightly coloured, and they can strike venomously from birth.1
Hatari kwa watu: 4 / 5: Hatari sana3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Bothrops alternatus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops alternatus (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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