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Venom Wiki / Dibopiwa tsotlhe / Ditlhapi tse di tsenyang botlhole
Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Estuarine stonefish
Nom. 1175 ya 1 402

Estuarine stonefish

Synanceia horrida
Ka ga leina: The specific name horrida means "dreadful" or "frightful" and refers to its appearance rather than its venomous spines.1
E ka bolayaO se ka wa amaE ka go bolaya fa o sa alafiwe. Fa mitlwa ya yone e go tlhaba, batla thuso ka bonako.
Ditlhapi tse di tsenyang botlhole Mitlwa ya botlholeE ja: Nama
Kotsi go batho: E kotsi thataE ka bolaya motho yo o sa alafiweng.

The estuarine stonefish is a fish that looks like a stone lying on the seabed. It lives in shallow reefs and estuaries across the Indo-Pacific, including northern Australia. It is considered one of the most dangerous venomous fish in the world, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

E tshela kwa
Indo-Pacific region, from eastern India to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan and south to Australia1
Lewatle la India, Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la Coral, Lewatle la Andaman, Lewatle la Timor le la Arafura, Kou ya Bengal
Gae
Found on sheltered inshore reefs and in estuaries, usually in the shallowest water among coral rubble and rocks on reef flats, and in seagrass beds. It can survive out of the water for up to 24 hours.1
Boleele
60 cm (2 ft)1
Lebelo le le kwa godimo
e ka nna 2 km/h (1,2 mph)
Go thuma, kakanyo fela
E ja eng?
It is a nocturnal ambush predator that eats smaller fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. It waits until prey swims close enough, then sucks it in through its large mouth.1
Ka nnete!Setshwantsho sa Estuarine stonefish
Estuarine stonefish. Setshwantsho: Dan Schofield. CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

  • Drab brownish-grey, reddish or greenish-brown colour1
  • Skin has no scales and is covered in warts, often with filamentous algae growing on it1
  • Head is flattened, with small eyes set high and pointing upwards, and a deep pit behind and under each eye1
  • Large, almost vertical mouth with fringing cirri on the lips1
  • Camouflaged to look like a stone resting on the bottom; it has no bright warning colours1
  • Grows to a maximum of 60 cm1

Maatla a botlhole

Mitlwa ya botlhole

Mitlwa e e bogale e rwala botlhole. Go e gata kgotsa go e tshwara go a utlwisa botlhoko.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

Each fin spine has two venom-producing glands. The venom affects the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. The sting is extremely painful and has been known to be lethal.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E kotsi thataE ka bolaya motho yo o sa alafiweng.

It is considered one of the most dangerous venomous fishes. Stings are extremely painful and have been known to be fatal. Since European settlement, there have been no recorded deaths in Australia from stonefish venom, but deaths have been recorded elsewhere in its range.1

Dikgang tse di molemo: dingaka di na le molemo (antivenom) kgotsa kalafi ya se.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

When disturbed, it erects its venomous spines, which inject venom if the fish is stepped on.1

Fa mitlwa ya yone e go tlhaba

  • Antivenom can be given after envenomation. Immersing the sting wound in hot water can be used to denature the venom.1
  • Tsenya ntho mo metsing a a mogote, a a bollo jo motho a ka bo itshokang a sa fiswe (a leke ka seatla sa gago pele), metsotso e le 30 go ya go 90. Batla thuso ya bongaka, bogolo jang go ditlhapi tsa lefika le distingrei.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

  • O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
  • E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
  • Fa mitlwa ya yone e go tlhaba: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

AforikaAsiaYuropaAmerika BokoneAmerika BorwaAustralia le OceaniaLewatle la PacificLewatle la IndiaLewatle la CoralLewatle la AndamanLewatle la Timor le la ArafuraKou ya Bengal

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

Estuarine stonefish e ka nna 60 cm ka boleele (2 ft)Katse ya ntlo e ka nna 50 cm (1,6 ft)Ntša e ka nna 1 m (3,3 ft)
boleele jo bo lekanang le dipanana di le 3 di latelanae ka thuma boleele jwa bodiba jo bogolo jwa go thuma (50 m) ka metsotswana e le 90

Estuarine stonefish e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

1

It can tolerate being out of the water for up to 24 hours.1

2

It scoops out a shallow hollow in the seabed with its large pectoral fins and curls its tail around its body to hide.1

3

It is camouflaged to look like a stone, unlike many venomous animals that use bright warning colours.1

4

Females are larger than males.1

Mosenyi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: The species name horrida refers to its dangerous spines.

Nnete: The name means "dreadful" or "frightful" and alludes to its appearance, not its venomous spines.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense
Synanceia horrida
Setlhopha
Ditlhapi tse di tsenyang botlhole
Lelapa
Synanceiidae2
Lekoko
Perciformes
Dikontinente
Lewatle la India, Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la Coral, Lewatle la Andaman, Lewatle la Timor le la Arafura, Kou ya Bengal, Mawatle
Kotsi go batho
4 / 5: E kotsi thata3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Synanceia horrida (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Synanceia horrida (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
  3. Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se se tshwanang: Ditlhapi tse di tsenyang botlhole

Reef stonefishDitlhapi tse di tsenyang botlholeE ka bolayaO se ka wa amaRed lionfishDitlhapi tse di tsenyang botlholeE tlhoka ngakaO se ka wa amaShort-tail stingrayDitlhapi tse di tsenyang botlholeE ka bolayaStriped eel catfishDitlhapi tse di tsenyang botlholeE ka bolayaO se ka wa amaBluespotted ribbontail rayDitlhapi tse di tsenyang botlholeE tlhoka ngakaCommon stingrayDitlhapi tse di tsenyang botlholeE tlhoka ngaka

E tshela gape kwa: Lewatle la India

Australian box jellyfishDijelifishi le dibopiwa tsa lewatle tse di tlhabangE a bolayaO se ka wa amaGeography coneDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaGreater blue-ringed octopusDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaSouthern blue-ringed octopusDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaHawksbill sea turtleDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE ka bolayaIrukandji jellyfishDijelifishi le dibopiwa tsa lewatle tse di tlhabangE ka bolayaO se ka wa ama
Fepa phephengnkgwana ya dimpho, e e dira mahala