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Venom Wiki / Dibopiwa tsotlhe / Ditlhapi tse di tsenyang botlhole
Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Marbled spinefoot
Nom. 1216 ya 1 402

Marbled spinefoot

Siganus rivulatus
Ka ga leina: The genus name Siganus comes from the Arabic sijan, meaning rabbitfish. The species name rivulatus means irregularly marked with colour, for the yellow streaks on its sides.1
E utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa amaE a utlwisa botlhoko, mme ga e kitla e go gobatsa thata.
Ditlhapi tse di tsenyang botlhole Mitlwa ya botlholeE ja: Dimela
Kotsi go batho: E botlhokoE ka utlwisa botlhoko tota, mme go seoka thata gore e nne masisi.

The marbled spinefoot is a shoaling fish that mostly eats algae. It lives in shallow warm seas in the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean, and it has spread into the Mediterranean. Its spines carry venom, so it is one to leave alone.1

E tshela kwa
Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea; now very common across the eastern Mediterranean1
Lewatle la India, Lewatle le Lehibidu, Lewatle la Mediterranean, Lewatle la Arabia le Gulf ya Peresia
Gae
Shallow water, usually less than 15 m deep, over rock, sand or sea grass covered in algae. It prefers sheltered areas and sometimes enters estuaries. It lives in schools of 50 to several hundred fish.1
Boleele
10 cm go ya go 40 cm (3,9 in go ya go 1,3 ft)1
Lebelo le le kwa godimo
e ka nna 5,2 km/h (3,2 mph)
Go thuma, kakanyo fela
E ja eng?
Adults mainly graze on algae, including Polysiphonia and Sphacelaria species. In spring and early summer in the northern Red Sea they have also been seen eating comb jellies and moon jellyfish. Young fish feed on tiny diatoms and then on small crustaceans called copepods.1
Ka nnete!Setshwantsho sa Marbled spinefoot
Marbled spinefoot. Setshwantsho: Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

  • Grey-green to brown upper body1
  • Yellow or silvery white underside1
  • Dark spots and yellow wavy lines along the sides1
  • Flattened body, with barbed, venomous spines in the fins1
  • Usually 10 to 20 cm long1

Maatla a botlhole

Mitlwa ya botlhole

Mitlwa e e bogale e rwala botlhole. Go e gata kgotsa go e tshwara go a utlwisa botlhoko.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

The spines in the fins have venom glands at their base. The venom is a protein that is damaged by heat. The sting is very painful.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E botlhokoE ka utlwisa botlhoko tota, mme go seoka thata gore e nne masisi.

The spines can inflict a painful sting if the fish is handled incorrectly. No deaths from its venom have been recorded. Separately, poisoning has been recorded in Israel after people ate its flesh, linked to fish caught in polluted water.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

Its spines are barbed and venomous, and they can injure anyone who handles the fish carelessly.1

Fa mitlwa ya yone e go tlhaba

  • The affected area should be treated with as high a temperature as possible, within 43 to 46 °C, because heat damages the venom. The person should also be checked for possible infection.1
  • Tsenya ntho mo metsing a a mogote, a a bollo jo motho a ka bo itshokang a sa fiswe (a leke ka seatla sa gago pele), metsotso e le 30 go ya go 90. Batla thuso ya bongaka, bogolo jang go ditlhapi tsa lefika le distingrei.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

  • O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
  • E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
  • Fa mitlwa ya yone e go tlhaba: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

AforikaAsiaYuropaAmerika BokoneAmerika BorwaAustralia le OceaniaLewatle la IndiaLewatle la MediterraneanLewatle le LehibiduLewatle la Arabia le Gulf ya Peresia

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

Marbled spinefoot e ka nna 40 cm ka boleele (1,3 ft)Panana e ka nna 18 cm (7,1 in)Katse ya ntlo e ka nna 50 cm (1,6 ft)
boleele jo bo lekanang le dipanana di le 2 di latelanaboleele jo bo lekanang le diboloko tsa go aga tsa ditshamekisi di le 12 mo molenge ka thuma boleele jwa bodiba jo bogolo jwa go thuma (50 m) ka metsotswana e le 35

Marbled spinefoot e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

1

Some people have reported hallucinations after eating it.1

2

Eating its flesh has caused poisoning, and the toxins involved are similar to ciguatoxin.1

3

Its spines carry venom from glands at their base, so the fish can sting when it is handled.1

4

Adults can eat jellyfish, including comb jellies and moon jellyfish, in parts of the northern Red Sea.1

5

It reached the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal, first recorded off Palestine in 1927.1

6

It can be bred in captivity and is being studied as a farmed fish because it eats plant-based feed.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense
Siganus rivulatus
Setlhopha
Ditlhapi tse di tsenyang botlhole
Lelapa
Siganidae2
Lekoko
Acanthuriformes
Dikontinente
Lewatle la India, Lewatle le Lehibidu, Lewatle la Mediterranean, Lewatle la Arabia le Gulf ya Peresia, Mawatle
Masea
The fish lays eggs, which are fertilised outside the body. The eggs are 0.5 to 0.6 mm across, and the adults give them no care.1
Kotsi go batho
2 / 5: E botlhoko3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Siganus rivulatus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Siganus rivulatus (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
  3. Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se se tshwanang: Ditlhapi tse di tsenyang botlhole

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E tshela gape kwa: Lewatle la India

Australian box jellyfishDijelifishi le dibopiwa tsa lewatle tse di tlhabangE a bolayaO se ka wa amaGeography coneDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaGreater blue-ringed octopusDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaSouthern blue-ringed octopusDikgopa tsa khouno le diokotopaseE a bolayaHawksbill sea turtleDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE ka bolayaIrukandji jellyfishDijelifishi le dibopiwa tsa lewatle tse di tlhabangE ka bolayaO se ka wa ama
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