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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Nose-horned viper
Nom. 0290 ya 1 402

Nose-horned viper

Vipera ammodytes
Ka ga leina: The scientific name ammodytes comes from Greek words meaning 'sand' and 'burrower' or 'diver', even though it prefers rocky places rather than sand.1
E ka bolayaE ka go bolaya fa o sa alafiwe. Fa e go loma, batla thuso ka bonako.
Divaepara le dibolobolo Go lomaE ja: Nama
Kotsi go batho: E kotsi thataE ka bolaya motho yo o sa alafiweng.

The nose-horned viper is a venomous snake with a small, soft horn on the tip of its snout. It lives on dry, rocky hillsides in northern Italy, the Balkans and parts of Asia Minor. It is often described as the most dangerous snake in Europe, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

E tshela kwa
Northern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Georgia and Syria, with records in southern Austria, Romania and Bulgaria.1
Yuropa, Asia
Gae
It mainly lives on dry, rocky hillsides with sparse plants. It is sometimes found in woodland edges and clearings, and near people on railway embankments, farmland and vineyards where rubble piles and stone walls are present. At lower latitudes it may be found above 2000 m.1
Boleele
14 cm go ya go 85 cm (5,5 in go ya go 2,8 ft)1
Lebelo le le kwa godimo
e ka nna 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)
Mo lefatsheng, kakanyo fela
E ja eng?
Adults mainly eat small mammals and birds, and juveniles mostly eat lizards. Larger prey is struck, released, tracked and then swallowed, while smaller prey is swallowed without using the venom.1
Ka nnete!Setshwantsho sa Nose-horned viper
Nose-horned viper. Setshwantsho: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

  • A single small, soft and flexible horn on the snout, about 5 mm long.1
  • Males have a dark blotch or V-shaped marking on the back of the head and a thick black stripe running from behind the eye to the jaw.1
  • Males usually have a black tongue and a golden or coppery iris.1
  • Females are browner, with a less contrasting pattern and no dark blotch on the head.1
  • Both sexes have a dark zigzag stripe along the back, and the tail tip may be yellow, orange, red or green.1

Maatla a botlhole

Go loma

Botlhole bo tswa ka meno a yone fa e loma.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

The venom has both proteolytic (breaks down tissue) and neurotoxic (attacks the nerves) parts, and it contains blood-clotting agents. Bites cause pain, swelling and discolouration, which may start straight away, and there are also reports of dizziness and tingling. Humans respond rapidly to this venom.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E kotsi thataE ka bolaya motho yo o sa alafiweng.

It is likely the most dangerous snake found in Europe, and in some areas it is a significant medical risk. The venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available. It is generally lethargic and not aggressive, and it tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Dikgang tse di molemo: dingaka di na le molemo (antivenom) kgotsa kalafi ya se.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

When surprised, some individuals stay still and hiss loudly, some hiss and then flee, and others try to bite immediately.1

Fa e loma

  • Get to a hospital: the venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available.1
  • Dira gore motho a nne a sa tshikinyege a ritibetse, tshegetsa setho se se lomilweng mo boemong jwa pelo, tlosa direng le dilo tse di tiileng, mme o mo ise bookelong ka bonako.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

  • O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
  • E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
  • Fa e nngwe e go loma: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

AforikaAsiaYuropaAmerika BokoneAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

Nose-horned viper e ka nna 85 cm ka boleele (2,8 ft)Katse ya ntlo e ka nna 50 cm (1,6 ft)Ntša e ka nna 1 m (3,3 ft)
boleele jo bo lekanang le dikatse tsa ntlo di le 1,5 go tloga kwa nkong go ya mogatlengboleele jo bo lekanang le dipanana di le 5 di latelanae ka taboga dimetara di le 100 ka metsotswana e le 100 (motho yo o bonako go gaisa o tlhoka 9,6)

Nose-horned viper e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

1

Its venom is used to make antivenin for the bites of other European vipers, and the snake is farmed for this purpose.1

2

Its horn is soft and flexible, not hard like a true horn.1

3

Before mating, males perform a combat dance, similar to that of adders.1

4

On one island, snakes were smaller than elsewhere, which suggests regional or island dwarfism.1

5

It hibernates for two to six months each year, depending on conditions.1

6

It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother, so the young are born alive.1

Mosenyi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: Because of its reputation, it is an aggressive snake that bites readily.

Nnete: It is generally lethargic and not at all aggressive. It tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense
Vipera ammodytes
Setlhopha
Divaepara le dibolobolo
Lelapa
Viperidae2
Lekoko
Squamata
Dikontinente
Yuropa, Asia
Masea
It gives birth to live young, with one to twenty born in late summer or autumn (August to October). The young are 14 to 24 cm long at birth.1
Seemo sa yone kwa nageng
Strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention1
Kotsi go batho
4 / 5: E kotsi thata3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Vipera ammodytes (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Vipera ammodytes (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
  3. Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se se tshwanang: Divaepara le dibolobolo

Indian saw-scaled viperDivaepara le diboloboloE a bolayaPuff adderDivaepara le diboloboloE a bolayaPhika ya ga RussellDivaepara le diboloboloE a bolayaCommon European adderDivaepara le diboloboloE tlhoka ngakaEastern Russell's viperDivaepara le diboloboloE a bolayaNortheast African carpet viperDivaepara le diboloboloE a bolaya

E tshela gape kwa: Yuropa

Spanish flyDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE tlhoka ngakaO se ka wa amaCommon waspDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko felaEuropean hornetDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko felaFire salamanderDigwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewtE utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa amaWestern honey beeDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko felaMediterranean black widowDigokgoE tlhoka ngaka
Fepa phephengnkgwana ya dimpho, e e dira mahala