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Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa

Malunga negama: The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1

Kufuna ugqirhaKunqabile ukuba sibulale, kodwa ukulunywa kufuna ugqirha.

Izigcawu

UkulumaSitya: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kufuna ugqirha. Ukufa kunqabe kakhulu.

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

Sihlala

Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1

uMntla Melika

Ekhaya

Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1

Ubude

6 mm ukuya ku-2 cm (0,2 in ukuya ku-0,8 in)1

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Sitya ntoni?

Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1

Ifoto ka-Brown recluse — Brown recluse. Ifoto: Rosa Pineda. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

Sidla ngokubhidaniswa no: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kufuna ugqirha. Ukufa kunqabe kakhulu.

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

Ukuba siyaluma

Hlamba indawo elunyiweyo uze ubeke ipakethi yomkhenkce kuyo ngenxa yeentlungu. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango ukuba iintlungu zinamandla, ziyasasazeka okanye umntu uziva engaphilanga kakuhle.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

malunga nobude besiqhobosho sephepha

U-Brown recluse mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Ufudo malunga ne-0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Brown recluse malunga ne-0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

Inyaniso: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Loxosceles reclusa
Iqela: Izigcawu
Usapho: Sicariidae2
Ucwangco: Araneae
Amazwekazi: uMntla Melika
Iintsana: Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 3 / 5: Kubi kakhulu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
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