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Ikhathuni ka-Fire salamander
Inombolo 1358 kwezi-1 402

Fire salamander

Salamandra salamandra
Kubuhlungu njeMusa ukuchukumisaKubuhlungu, kodwa akusayi kukwenzakalisa kakhulu.
Amasele atyhefayo, amaxoxo nee-newt Ityhefu esikhumbeni sasoSitya: IzinambuzaneSiyatyhefa, asinatyhefu yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba
Ingozi ebantwini: KubuhlunguKunokuba buhlungu ngokwenene, kodwa phantse akusoze kube kubi kakhulu.

The fire salamander is a black amphibian with bright yellow, and sometimes red or orange, markings. It lives in forests across most of southern and central Europe. Its bright colours warn predators that its skin is poisonous.1

Siyatyhefa okanye sinetyhefu? Izilwanyana ezinetyhefu zitofa ityhefu ngokuluma okanye ngokuhlaba. Izilwanyana ezityhefayo ziyingozi xa uzichukumisa okanye uzitya. Esi siyatyhefa.
Sihlala
Most of southern and central Europe, including the Balkans and Spain1
IYurophu
Ekhaya
Fire salamanders live in forests, especially deciduous woodland in hilly areas. They hide under fallen leaves, wood, stones and mossy tree trunks. They need small, clean brooks or ponds nearby for their young to develop, and people may meet them in damp woodland, especially in the evening, at night or on rainy days.1
Ubude
15 cm ukuya ku-25 cm (5,9 in ukuya ku-9,8 in)1
Ubunzima
40 g (1,4 oz)1
Esona santya siphezulu
malunga ne-0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje
Sitya ntoni?
It mainly eats insects, spiders, millipedes, centipedes, earthworms and slugs. It occasionally eats newts and young frogs. It catches small prey with its vomerine teeth or the back of its tongue, to which the prey sticks.1
Ngokwenene!Ifoto ka-Fire salamander
Fire salamander. Ifoto: Frank Vassen. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

  • Black with yellow spots or stripes; the amount of yellow varies, and some are almost completely black1
  • Shades of red or orange may appear, replacing or mixing with the yellow, depending on the subspecies1
  • Grows to 15 to 25 cm long, making it one of Europe's largest salamanders1
  • Males and females look very similar, except in the breeding season, when the male has a swollen gland near his vent1

Amandla etyhefu

Ityhefu esikhumbeni saso

Isikhumba saso siyatyhefa. Kuyingozi ukusichukumisa, ukusikhotha okanye ukusitya.

Ityhefu yaso etyhefayo (xa usichukumisa okanye usitya) yenza ntoni?

The fire salamander is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom with a bite. Its skin secretions contain alkaloid toxins, mainly samandarin, which cause strong muscle convulsions and high blood pressure, combined with fast breathing, in all vertebrates. Another alkaloid, samandarone, has also been found in its skin secretions. The poison comes from glands concentrated around the head and along the back.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: KubuhlunguKunokuba buhlungu ngokwenene, kodwa phantse akusoze kube kubi kakhulu.

Some compounds in its skin secretions are potentially dangerous to human life. Touching the animal or handling its skin can expose people to the poison.1

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

Its bright yellow, red or orange colours warn predators that it is poisonous, and it releases toxins from its skin glands.1

Ukuba umntu usichukumisile okanye usityile

  • Ukuba umntu usichukumisile: hlamba izandla kakuhle kwaye ungachukumisi amehlo okanye umlomo. Ukuba umntwana okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya sisikhothile okanye sisityile: tsalela iziko lezityhefu okanye inombolo kaxakeka.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

  • Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
  • Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
  • Ukuba usichukumisile okanye usityile: musa ukukhuhla amehlo okanye umlomo wakho, hlamba izandla zakho kwaye ufumane uncedo lwezonyango.

Asikuzingeli. Ityhefu yaso ikhona nje ukuze kungabikho nto isityayo. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrikaIAsiyaIYurophuuMntla MelikauMzantsi MelikaIOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

Fire salamander malunga ne-25 cm ubude (9,8 in)Ibhanana malunga ne-18 cm (7,1 in)Ikati yasekhaya malunga ne-50 cm (1,6 ft)

Sinzima kangakanani?

ubunzima obulingana neziqhobosho zephepha eziyi-40
ubude obulingana neebhloko zokudlala zokwakha eziyi-8 zilandelelana

U-Fire salamander mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

1

One fire salamander lived for more than 50 years in Museum Koenig, a natural history museum in Germany.1

2

Larvae do not make the poison. It develops as the salamander matures, in the ovaries, liver and testes.1

3

Its skin poison may also help protect it against bacterial and fungal infections of the skin.1

4

Its bright colours are a warning signal. Scientists call this aposematism, meaning the animal advertises that it is poisonous.1

5

Some subspecies give birth to live young, while others release larvae into water. Only two subspecies, fastuosa and bernadezi, give birth to fully formed young.1

6

In captivity, females can store sperm for a long time and use it to produce another clutch of eggs. This has not been seen in the wild.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi
Salamandra salamandra
Iqela
Amasele atyhefayo, amaxoxo nee-newt
Usapho
Salamandridae2
Ucwangco
Caudata
Amazwekazi
IYurophu
Iintsana
Eggs develop inside the female, and she puts the larvae into water as they hatch. In some subspecies, the young develop inside the female until she gives birth to fully formed young.1
Ixesha lobomi
malunga neminyaka eyi-501
Imeko yaso endle
Vulnerable (IUCN Red List, 2023)1
Ingozi ebantwini
2 / 5: Kubuhlungu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

  1. Fire salamander (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Salamandra salamandra (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
  3. Venom Wiki: inqanaba lengozi, ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo noqikelelo lwesantya zezethu. Bona indlela esizifumana ngayo: Indlela esilinganisa ngayo ingozi.

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Okungakumbi kwiqela elinye: Amasele atyhefayo, amaxoxo nee-newt

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Sikwahlala: IYurophu

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Yondla unomadudwaneingqayi yezipho, iyigcina isimahla