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Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium

Kubuhlungu njeMusa ukuchukumisaKubuhlungu, kodwa akusayi kukwenzakalisa kakhulu.

Amasele atyhefayo, amaxoxo nee-newt

Ityhefu esikhumbeni sasoSitya: InyamaSiyatyhefa, asinatyhefu yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba

Ingozi ebantwini: KubuhlunguKunokuba buhlungu ngokwenene, kodwa phantse akusoze kube kubi kakhulu.

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

Siyatyhefa okanye sinetyhefu? Izilwanyana ezinetyhefu zitofa ityhefu ngokuluma okanye ngokuhlaba. Izilwanyana ezityhefayo ziyingozi xa uzichukumisa okanye uzitya. Esi siyatyhefa.

Sihlala

Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1

uMzantsi Melika

Ekhaya

It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1

Ubude

1,2 cm ukuya ku-2 cm (0,5 in ukuya ku-0,8 in)1

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Sitya ntoni?

It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1

Ifoto ka-Pumpkin toadlet — Pumpkin toadlet. Ifoto: Carlos Otávio Gussoni. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
Females tend to be larger than males.1

Sidla ngokubhidaniswa no: It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

Amandla etyhefu

Ityhefu esikhumbeni saso

Isikhumba saso siyatyhefa. Kuyingozi ukusichukumisa, ukusikhotha okanye ukusitya.

Ityhefu yaso etyhefayo (xa usichukumisa okanye usitya) yenza ntoni?

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: KubuhlunguKunokuba buhlungu ngokwenene, kodwa phantse akusoze kube kubi kakhulu.

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

Ukuba umntu usichukumisile okanye usityile

Ukuba umntu usichukumisile: hlamba izandla kakuhle kwaye ungachukumisi amehlo okanye umlomo. Ukuba umntwana okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya sisikhothile okanye sisityile: tsalela iziko lezityhefu okanye inombolo kaxakeka.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba usichukumisile okanye usityile: musa ukukhuhla amehlo okanye umlomo wakho, hlamba izandla zakho kwaye ufumane uncedo lwezonyango.

Asikuzingeli. Ityhefu yaso ikhona nje ukuze kungabikho nto isityayo. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

mfutshane kunomnwe wakho omncincisingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-180 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Pumpkin toadlet mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Ufudo malunga ne-0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Pumpkin toadlet malunga ne-2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

Inyaniso: Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Brachycephalus ephippium
Iqela: Amasele atyhefayo, amaxoxo nee-newt
Usapho: Brachycephalidae2
Ucwangco: Anura
Amazwekazi: uMzantsi Melika
Iintsana: It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
Imeko yaso endle: Not considered threatened1
Ingozi ebantwini: 2 / 5: Kubuhlungu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Pumpkin toadlet (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Brachycephalus ephippium (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
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