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Ikhathuni ka-Spider-tailed horned viper
Inombolo 0375 kwezi-1 402

Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Malunga negama: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
Kufuna ugqirhaKunqabile ukuba sibulale, kodwa ukulunywa kufuna ugqirha.
Ii-viper namarhamba UkulumaSitya: Inyama
Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kufuna ugqirha. Ukufa kunqabe kakhulu.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Sihlala
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
IAsiya
Ekhaya
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Ubude
60 cm (2 ft)3
ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo besilwanyana esikhulileyo
Esona santya siphezulu
malunga ne-3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)
Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje
Sitya ntoni?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Ngokwenene!Ifoto ka-Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Ifoto: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Sidla ngokubhidaniswa no: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kufuna ugqirha. Ukufa kunqabe kakhulu.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Ukuba siyaluma

  • Gcina umntu engashukumi kwaye ezolile, gcina ilungu elilunyiweyo kwinqanaba lentliziyo, susa imisesane nezinto eziqinileyo, uze umse esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

  • Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
  • Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
  • Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrikaIAsiyaIYurophuuMntla MelikauMzantsi MelikaIOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

Spider-tailed horned viper malunga ne-60 cm ubude (2 ft)Ikati yasekhaya malunga ne-50 cm (1,6 ft)Inja malunga ne-1 m (3,3 ft)
ubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-3 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-110 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Spider-tailed horned viper mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Inyaniso: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Iqela
Ii-viper namarhamba
Usapho
Viperidae2
Ucwangco
Squamata
Amazwekazi
IAsiya
Ingozi ebantwini
3 / 5: Kubi kakhulu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
  3. Venom Wiki: inqanaba lengozi, ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo noqikelelo lwesantya zezethu. Bona indlela esizifumana ngayo: Indlela esilinganisa ngayo ingozi.

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