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Golden poison frog

Phyllobates terribilis

Nípa orúkọ náà: The species name terribilis refers to the deadly toxins in the skin secretions of this frog.1

ApaniMá ṣe fọwọ́ kàn ánỌ̀kan lára àwọn ẹranko apani jùlọ ní ayé. Bí ẹnìkan bá fọwọ́ kàn án tàbí jẹ ẹ́, pe fún ìrànlọ́wọ́ lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀.Ìrànlọ́wọ́ kíákíá àti oògùn apa-oró (antivenom) ń gba ẹ̀mí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn là. Pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀.

Àkèré onímájèlé, ọ̀pọ̀lọ́ àti newt

Májèlé nínú awọ rẹ̀Oúnjẹ rẹ̀: KòkòròOnímájèlé, kì í ṣe olóró

Ewu fún ènìyàn: ApaniỌ̀kan lára àwọn ẹranko tó léwu jùlọ ní ayé.

The golden poison frog is a small, bright frog from the rainforests of Colombia. It is considered the most poisonous animal species on Earth, even though it is small. Its bright colours warn predators to stay away.1

Onímájèlé tàbí olóró? Àwọn ẹranko olóró máa ń fi oró sínú ara nípa ìbùjẹ tàbí ìtani. Àwọn ẹranko onímájèlé léwu láti fọwọ́ kàn tàbí láti jẹ. Onímájèlé ni èyí.

Ó ń gbé ní

Pacific coast of Colombia, in the Cauca and Valle del Cauca Departments, Chocó Rainforest1

Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà

Ilé

It lives in humid rainforest with high rainfall, from sea level up to 200 m. Its range is less than 5,000 square km. The frogs live in evenly spaced groups and are active during the day. Adults carry their tadpoles into the canopy and place them in water-filled pools in bromeliads and tree holes.1

Gígùn

6 cm (2.4 in)1

Ìwúwo

30 g (1.1 oz)1

Ìyára gíga jùlọ

nǹkan bí 4 km/h (2.5 mph)

Lórí ilẹ̀, àfojúbù

Kí ni ó máa ń jẹ?

It is an ambush hunter that eats mainly ants, along with many other insects and small invertebrates. Adults can eat prey much larger in relation to their size than most other dendrobatids. Tadpoles feed on algae, mosquito larvae and other edible material in their pools.1

Fọ́tò Golden poison frog — Golden poison frog. Fọ́tò: Brian Gratwicke. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Bí o ṣe lè dá a mọ̀

Adults are brightly coloured, in yellow, mint green, orange or golden yellow forms.1
Juveniles are mostly black with two golden-yellow stripes along their backs.1
Juveniles become fully coloured at about 18 weeks of age.1
It is the largest species in the poison dart frog family.1
Females are typically larger than males.1

Agbára májèlé

Májèlé nínú awọ rẹ̀

Awọ rẹ̀ ní májèlé. Ó léwu láti fọwọ́ kàn án, lá a tàbí jẹ ẹ́.

Kí ni májèlé rẹ̀ máa ń ṣe?

The frog's skin glands produce batrachotoxin, a very strong alkaloid poison. It affects the sodium channels of nerve cells, leaving muscles stuck in a contracted state. This can lead to paralysis, heart fibrillation, heart failure and death.1

Báwo ló ṣe léwu tó fún ènìyàn?

Ewu fún ènìyàn: ApaniỌ̀kan lára àwọn ẹranko tó léwu jùlọ ní ayé.

An average wild frog is estimated to carry about one milligram of poison, enough to kill 10 to 20 humans. A predator usually has to try to eat the frog to be poisoned, but contact with the skin is also dangerous. Captive-bred frogs are not toxic.1

Kí ni ó máa ń ṣe nígbà tí ẹ̀rù bá bà á?

Its bright colours warn predators of its toxicity, a pattern called aposematic coloration.1

Bí ẹnìkan bá fọwọ́ kàn án tàbí jẹ ẹ́

Bí ẹnìkan bá fọwọ́ kan ọ̀kan: fọ ọwọ́ dáadáa, má sì fọwọ́ kan ojú tàbí ẹnu. Bí ọmọdé tàbí ẹran ọ̀sìn bá lá ọ̀kan tàbí jẹ ẹ́: pe ibùdó ìmọ̀ràn májèlé tàbí nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì.

Máa kọ́kọ́ pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ nígbà gbogbo (112, 000, 911). Èyí jẹ́ ìtọ́sọ́nà ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́ gbogbogbò, kì í ṣe ìmọ̀ràn ìṣègùn. Ìpìlẹ̀ ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́

Wà láìléwu

Má ṣe fọwọ́ kan, mú tàbí yọ ẹranko igbó lẹ́nu láéláé, kódà bí ó bá kéré, kódà bí ó bá dà bí ẹni pé ó ń sùn tàbí ó ti kú.
Fún un ní àyè. Bí o bá pàdé ọ̀kan, farabalẹ̀, sẹ́yìn díẹ̀díẹ̀ kí o sì jẹ́ kí ó máa bá ọ̀nà rẹ̀ lọ.
Bí o bá fọwọ́ kàn án tàbí jẹ ẹ́: má ṣe fọwọ́ pa ojú tàbí ẹnu rẹ, fọ ọwọ́ rẹ kí o sì wá ìrànlọ́wọ́ ìṣègùn.

Kò wá ọ kiri láti ṣe ọ́ léṣe. Májèlé rẹ̀ wà níbẹ̀ kìkì kí ohunkóhun má baà jẹ ẹ́. Sí i nípa wíwà láìléwu

Níbo ní ayé?

Áfíríkà Éṣíà Yúróòpù Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà Ọsirélíà àti Òṣéáníà

Báwo ló ṣe tóbi tó?

Báwo ló ṣe gùn tó?

Báwo ló ṣe wúwo tó?

ó wúwo tó pínì ìwé 30

ó gùn tó bíríkì ìṣeré 2 tí a tò sí ìlà kanlè sáré mítà 100 ní ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá 90 (ènìyàn tó yára jùlọ nílò 9.6)

Báwo ni Golden poison frog ṣe tóbi tó tí a bá fi wé ÌWỌ?

Ìṣirò nìkan nínú bráwúsà rẹ. A kò fi ohunkóhun pamọ́, a kò sì fi ránṣẹ́ sí ibikíbi.

Báwo ló ṣe yára tó?

Ìjàpá kan nǹkan bí 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

Golden poison frog nǹkan bí 4 km/h (2.5 mph)

Ènìyàn tó ń rìn nǹkan bí 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

ó yẹ ní mímọ̀

Òtítọ́

Local indigenous peoples, such as the Emberá and Cofán, use the frog's poison on the tips of hunting darts and arrows. The poison stays deadly for two years or longer.1

The frog gets its toxicity from its diet. Frogs fed commercial feeder insects in captivity lose their toxicity over time.1

Scientists think a small beetle from the family Melyridae may be a key prey item that supplies the poison.1

The Leimadophis epinephelus snake has shown resistance to several frog toxins and has been seen eating juvenile frogs without harm.1

The frog's colour varies. The yellow form gives it its common name, but the species also has mint green, orange and orange blackfoot forms.1

Olùfọ́ àròsọ

Àròsọ: All golden poison frogs are always poisonous.

Òtítọ́: The frog only becomes toxic when it eats the right prey in the wild. Captive-bred frogs raised without their natural food are non-toxic.1

Fún àwọn amòye oró

Orúkọ sáyẹ́ǹsì: Phyllobates terribilis
Ẹgbẹ́: Àkèré onímájèlé, ọ̀pọ̀lọ́ àti newt
Ìdílé: Dendrobatidae2
Ètò: Anura
Àwọn kọ́ńtínẹ́ńtì: Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà
Àwọn ọmọ: The eggs are laid on the ground, hidden under leaf litter. Tadpoles stick to the mucus on the parent's back, and the parent carries them to water pools in the canopy.1
Bí ó ṣe ń ṣe nínú igbó: Endangered1
Ewu fún ènìyàn: 5 / 5: Apani3

Ibi tí àwọn òtítọ́ ti wá

Golden poison frog (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Phyllobates terribilis (iNaturalist): orúkọ àti ìpínsísọ̀rí.
Venom Wiki: ìpele ewu, ìtóbi déédé àti àfojúbù ìyára jẹ́ tiwa. Wo bí a ṣe ń ṣírò wọn: Bí a ṣe ń díwọ̀n ewu.

Gbogbo òtítọ́ ojú-ìwé yìí ní nọ́ńbà tó tọ́ka sí orísun rẹ̀. Bí a bá ṣe àṣìṣe, má bínú, olólùfẹ́ ẹranko ni wá, kì í ṣe ìwé ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì. Sọ fún wa ní [email protected] a ó sì tún un ṣe.

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