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Àwòrán kátúùnù South American rattlesnake
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South American rattlesnake

Crotalus durissus
Ó lè paniÓ lè pa ọ́ bí kò bá sí ìtọ́jú. Bí ó bá bù ọ́ jẹ, wá ìrànlọ́wọ́ kíákíá.
Rattlesnake ÌbùjẹOúnjẹ rẹ̀: Ẹran
Ewu fún ènìyàn: Ó léwu gan-anÓ lè pa ènìyàn tí kò bá rí ìtọ́jú.

The South American rattlesnake is a large, highly venomous pit viper. It lives across much of South America, except the Andes Mountains, and also on some Caribbean islands. It is the most widely spread member of its genus, which is why it matters to people in so many places.1

Ó ń gbé ní
South America except the Andes, including Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; also some Caribbean islands, including Aruba1
Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà
Ilé
It prefers savanna and semi-arid areas, and is found in several types of scrub and seasonal forest. In the Chaco region of Paraguay, it lives in the drier, sandier areas.1
Gígùn
1.9 m (6.2 ft)1
Ìyára gíga jùlọ
nǹkan bí 4 km/h (2.5 mph)
Lórí ilẹ̀, àfojúbù
Kí ni ó máa ń jẹ?
It eats mainly rodents, which are abundant and available all year in most of its range. In some regions it also eats lizards of the Teiidae family.1
Ní tòótọ́!Fọ́tò South American rattlesnake
South American rattlesnake. Fọ́tò: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Bí o ṣe lè dá a mọ̀

  • Two distinct stripes start at the base of the head, and the colour between the lines is lighter than the stripes.1
  • Body colour and pattern vary, but most have 18 to 32 dark diamond or rhombic spots along the back.1
  • The head has a dark brown bar at the top and a dark band behind the eye.1
  • The tail is usually grey, with dark, faint crossed bands.1
  • The belly is white or yellowish with light grey spots, getting darker towards the tail.1

Agbára oró

Ìbùjẹ

Oró ń jáde láti inú eyín oró tàbí eyín rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó bá bùjẹ.

Kí ni oró rẹ̀ máa ń ṣe?

Its venom contains neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and myotoxins, which damage muscle. These cause progressive paralysis, including impaired or lost vision, hearing problems, drooping eyelids and weakness in the neck muscles, which can become so limp that the head appears broken. Breathing can eventually be stopped by paralysis, and the muscle damage can cause dark urine.1

Báwo ló ṣe léwu tó fún ènìyàn?

Ewu fún ènìyàn: Ó léwu gan-anÓ lè pa ènìyàn tí kò bá rí ìtọ́jú.

It is a highly venomous snake. The mortality rate is 72% for bite cases without specific serum treatment, and 11% for cases with it. Acute kidney failure is considered the main cause of death.1

Ìròyìn ayọ̀: àwọn dókítà ní oògùn (antivenom) tàbí ìtọ́jú fún èyí.1

Kí ni ó máa ń ṣe nígbà tí ẹ̀rù bá bà á?

It is highly alert and gives little warning before it strikes, but it is seldom aggressive towards people.1

Bí ó bá bùjẹ

  • Specific serum treatment (antivenom) greatly lowers the death rate, so a bite needs urgent hospital care to give it.1
  • Jẹ́ kí ẹni náà wà láìmira kí ó sì farabalẹ̀, jẹ́ kí apá tàbí ẹsẹ̀ tí ó bù jẹ wà ní ìpele ọkàn, yọ òrùka àti àwọn nǹkan tó há, kí ẹ sì lọ sí ilé ìwòsàn kíákíá.

Máa kọ́kọ́ pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ nígbà gbogbo (112, 000, 911). Èyí jẹ́ ìtọ́sọ́nà ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́ gbogbogbò, kì í ṣe ìmọ̀ràn ìṣègùn. Ìpìlẹ̀ ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́

Wà láìléwu

  • Má ṣe fọwọ́ kan, mú tàbí yọ ẹranko igbó lẹ́nu láéláé, kódà bí ó bá kéré, kódà bí ó bá dà bí ẹni pé ó ń sùn tàbí ó ti kú.
  • Fún un ní àyè. Bí o bá pàdé ọ̀kan, farabalẹ̀, sẹ́yìn díẹ̀díẹ̀ kí o sì jẹ́ kí ó máa bá ọ̀nà rẹ̀ lọ.
  • Bí ọ̀kan bá bù ọ́ jẹ: farabalẹ̀, má ṣe mira, pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ (112, 000, 911) tàbí lọ sí ilé ìwòsàn kíákíá. Rántí bí ó ṣe rí, fọ́tò máa ń ṣèrànwọ́.

Kò wá ọ kiri láti ṣe ọ́ léṣe. Ó ń lo oró rẹ̀ láti mú oúnjẹ tàbí láti dáàbò bo ara rẹ̀, ó sì fẹ́ràn láti farapamọ́ jù. Sí i nípa wíwà láìléwu

Níbo ní ayé?

ÁfíríkàÉṣíàYúróòpùÀríwá Amẹ́ríkàGúúsù Amẹ́ríkàỌsirélíà àti Òṣéáníà

Báwo ló ṣe tóbi tó?

Báwo ló ṣe gùn tó?

South American rattlesnake gígùn rẹ̀ tó nǹkan bí 1.9 m (6.2 ft)Kẹ̀kẹ́ àgbàlagbà nǹkan bí 1.8 m (5.9 ft)Ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ kan nǹkan bí 4.5 m (15 ft)
ó gùn tó ológbò ilé 4 láti imú dé ìrùó gùn tó ọ̀gẹ̀dẹ̀ 11 tí a tò tẹ̀léralè sáré mítà 100 ní ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá 90 (ènìyàn tó yára jùlọ nílò 9.6)

Báwo ni South American rattlesnake ṣe tóbi tó tí a bá fi wé ÌWỌ?

Ìṣirò nìkan nínú bráwúsà rẹ. A kò fi ohunkóhun pamọ́, a kò sì fi ránṣẹ́ sí ibikíbi.

Báwo ló ṣe yára tó?

ó yẹ ní mímọ̀

Òtítọ́

1

The lethal dose for a 60 kg human is possibly 18 mg, while a snake's venom yield is 20 to 100 mg.1

2

Crotoxin, a neurotoxin, makes up about 48.5% to 89.4% of the venom proteins in one subspecies, though it is typically 60% to 70%.1

3

It is the most widely distributed member of its genus, and seven subspecies are currently recognised.1

4

It is more active at dusk and in the early hours of the morning.1

5

Males compete for access to females from the end of summer, with mating in autumn and the young born the following spring or summer.1

Olùfọ́ àròsọ

Àròsọ: Yellow venom means the bite damages blood and tissue, and white venom means it attacks the nerves.

Òtítọ́: Venom colour does not determine the type. Colour depends on pigments in the venom, not on whether it is haemorrhagic or neurotoxic.1

Fún àwọn amòye oró

Orúkọ sáyẹ́ǹsì
Crotalus durissus
Ẹgbẹ́
Rattlesnake
Ìdílé
Viperidae2
Ètò
Squamata
Àwọn kọ́ńtínẹ́ńtì
Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà
Àwọn ọmọ
It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous), usually four to eight at a time. In Roraima, Brazil, gestation has been reported to last five months, with up to 14 young.1
Ewu fún ènìyàn
4 / 5: Ó léwu gan-an3

Ibi tí àwọn òtítọ́ ti wá

  1. Crotalus durissus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Crotalus durissus (iNaturalist): orúkọ àti ìpínsísọ̀rí.
  3. Venom Wiki: ìpele ewu, ìtóbi déédé àti àfojúbù ìyára jẹ́ tiwa. Wo bí a ṣe ń ṣírò wọn: Bí a ṣe ń díwọ̀n ewu.

Gbogbo òtítọ́ ojú-ìwé yìí ní nọ́ńbà tó tọ́ka sí orísun rẹ̀. Bí a bá ṣe àṣìṣe, má bínú, olólùfẹ́ ẹranko ni wá, kì í ṣe ìwé ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì. Sọ fún wa ní [email protected] a ó sì tún un ṣe.

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