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Southern black widow

Latrodectus mactans

Ó nílò dókítàKì í sábà pani, ṣùgbọ́n ìbùjẹ nílò dókítà.

ÌbùjẹOúnjẹ rẹ̀: Ẹran

Ewu fún ènìyàn: Ó le gan-anÌbùjẹ nílò dókítà. Ikú kò wọ́pọ̀ rárá.

The southern black widow is a venomous spider that lives in North America. Mature females are shiny black with a red hourglass mark on their underside. Its bite can cause pain and other symptoms, but it is rarely fatal to healthy people.1

Ó ń gbé ní

Native to North America, mainly the southeastern United States. Also found in Mexico and the Dominican Republic, and established in Hawaii (USA).1

Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà

Ilé

It builds tangled, three-dimensional cobwebs and waits in a retreat near them. One way it has reached Hawaii is through imported produce.1

Gígùn

8 mm sí 1.3 cm (0.3 in sí 0.5 in)1

Ìyára gíga jùlọ

nǹkan bí 0.98 km/h (0.61 mph)

Lórí ilẹ̀, àfojúbù

Kí ni ó máa ń jẹ?

It eats a variety of insects, and also woodlice, millipedes, centipedes and other spiders. When prey is caught in its web, it rushes out, wraps the prey tightly in silk, and bites it. It then releases digestive enzymes into the wound and carries the prey back to its retreat to feed.1

Fọ́tò Southern black widow — Southern black widow. Fọ́tò: unknown. CC BY 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Bí o ṣe lè dá a mọ̀

Mature females are shiny black, with a red hourglass-shaped mark on the underside of a very rounded abdomen.1
Many females have an orange or red patch on the top of the abdomen, just above the spinnerets.1
Mature females have a body length of 8–13 mm, not counting the legs. Males are 3–6 mm.1
Juveniles look very different. They have a grey to black abdomen with white stripes across it, spotted with yellow and orange.1
Males are either purple, or look more like the juveniles.1

A sábà máa ń ṣì í mọ̀ sí: It is often confused with the false widows (genus Steatoda) and with the closely related northern (L. variolus) and western (L. hesperus) black widows.1

Agbára oró

Ìbùjẹ

Oró ń jáde láti inú eyín oró tàbí eyín rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó bá bùjẹ.

Kí ni oró rẹ̀ máa ń ṣe?

The venom contains alpha-latrotoxin, a neurotoxic venom that attacks the nerves. It causes pain and other symptoms, which are collectively called latrodectism.1

Báwo ló ṣe léwu tó fún ènìyàn?

Ewu fún ènìyàn: Ó le gan-anÌbùjẹ nílò dókítà. Ikú kò wọ́pọ̀ rárá.

Deaths in healthy adults are exceedingly rare. No deaths were reported among 23,409 documented Latrodectus bites in the US from 2000 to 2008, though about 2,000 bites happen each year. Only mature females can bite people.1

Ìròyìn ayọ̀: àwọn dókítà ní oògùn (antivenom) tàbí ìtọ́jú fún èyí.1

Bí ó bá bùjẹ

Fọ ibi ìbùjẹ náà kí o sì fi àpò yìnyín lé e fún ìrora. Wá ìrànlọ́wọ́ ìṣègùn bí ìrora bá le, tí ó ń tàn kálẹ̀, tàbí tí ara ẹni náà kò bá yá.

Máa kọ́kọ́ pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ nígbà gbogbo (112, 000, 911). Èyí jẹ́ ìtọ́sọ́nà ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́ gbogbogbò, kì í ṣe ìmọ̀ràn ìṣègùn. Ìpìlẹ̀ ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́

Wà láìléwu

Má ṣe fọwọ́ kan, mú tàbí yọ ẹranko igbó lẹ́nu láéláé, kódà bí ó bá kéré, kódà bí ó bá dà bí ẹni pé ó ń sùn tàbí ó ti kú.
Fún un ní àyè. Bí o bá pàdé ọ̀kan, farabalẹ̀, sẹ́yìn díẹ̀díẹ̀ kí o sì jẹ́ kí ó máa bá ọ̀nà rẹ̀ lọ.
Bí ọ̀kan bá bù ọ́ jẹ: farabalẹ̀, má ṣe mira, pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ (112, 000, 911) tàbí lọ sí ilé ìwòsàn kíákíá. Rántí bí ó ṣe rí, fọ́tò máa ń ṣèrànwọ́.

Kò wá ọ kiri láti ṣe ọ́ léṣe. Ó ń lo oró rẹ̀ láti mú oúnjẹ tàbí láti dáàbò bo ara rẹ̀, ó sì fẹ́ràn láti farapamọ́ jù. Sí i nípa wíwà láìléwu

Níbo ní ayé?

Áfíríkà Éṣíà Yúróòpù Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà Ọsirélíà àti Òṣéáníà

Báwo ló ṣe tóbi tó?

Báwo ló ṣe gùn tó?

ó kéré débi pé ó lè jókòó lórí èékánná rẹ

Báwo ni Southern black widow ṣe tóbi tó tí a bá fi wé ÌWỌ?

Ìṣirò nìkan nínú bráwúsà rẹ. A kò fi ohunkóhun pamọ́, a kò sì fi ránṣẹ́ sí ibikíbi.

Báwo ló ṣe yára tó?

Ìjàpá kan nǹkan bí 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

Southern black widow nǹkan bí 0.98 km/h (0.61 mph)

Ènìyàn tó ń rìn nǹkan bí 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

ó yẹ ní mímọ̀

Òtítọ́

In 1933, Allan Blair let himself be bitten by one of these spiders to study its venom in humans and to convince sceptics that it could be dangerous.1

Females will occasionally eat their mates after reproduction.1

Only mature females can bite people. Their hollow, needle-like mouthparts are about 1 mm long, which is long enough to inject venom into people.1

The brown widow (Latrodectus geometricus) competes with black widows for territory. In areas where they share space, it can displace them.1

Males live only about three to four months, while females can live for up to three years.1

Olùfọ́ àròsọ

Àròsọ: A black widow bite is usually fatal.

Òtítọ́: Black widow bites are rarely fatal to healthy people. No deaths from the US species were reported among 23,409 documented bites from 2000 to 2008.1

Fún àwọn amòye oró

Orúkọ sáyẹ́ǹsì: Latrodectus mactans
Ẹgbẹ́: Alántakùn
Ìdílé: Theridiidae2
Ètò: Araneae
Àwọn kọ́ńtínẹ́ńtì: Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà
Àwọn ọmọ: A female can produce four to nine egg sacs in one summer, each holding about 100–400 eggs, which she guards in a silken container.1
Ọjọ́ ayé: nǹkan bí ọdún 31
Ewu fún ènìyàn: 3 / 5: Ó le gan-an3

Ibi tí àwọn òtítọ́ ti wá

Latrodectus mactans (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Latrodectus mactans (iNaturalist): orúkọ àti ìpínsísọ̀rí.
Venom Wiki: ìpele ewu, ìtóbi déédé àti àfojúbù ìyára jẹ́ tiwa. Wo bí a ṣe ń ṣírò wọn: Bí a ṣe ń díwọ̀n ewu.

Gbogbo òtítọ́ ojú-ìwé yìí ní nọ́ńbà tó tọ́ka sí orísun rẹ̀. Bí a bá ṣe àṣìṣe, má bínú, olólùfẹ́ ẹranko ni wá, kì í ṣe ìwé ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì. Sọ fún wa ní [email protected] a ó sì tún un ṣe.

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