第 0029 號，共 1 402 號

Ashe's spitting cobra

Naja ashei

名字的由來： The species is named after James Ashe, who founded the Bio-Ken Snake Farm and was one of the first experts to suggest it was a new species. The genus name Naja comes from a Sanskrit word meaning serpent.1

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，或把毒液噴進你的眼睛，要趕快求救。

眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇

噴射或吐出

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Ashe's spitting cobra is a large venomous snake from eastern and northeastern Africa. It is the largest of all the spitting cobras, and it can spray venom from a distance as well as bite. Its venom can cause blindness if it gets into the eyes and not treated at once.1

分布在

Eastern and northeastern Africa: northern and eastern Kenya, northeastern Uganda, southern Ethiopia and southern Somalia1

非洲

首頁

It lives in the dry lowlands of northern and eastern Kenya, and in similar dry places in neighbouring countries. On the Kenyan coast, adults over 2 m long are not uncommon.1

長度

1,3 m 到 2,7 m (4,3 ft 到 8,9 ft)1

最高速度

大約 8,7 km/h（5,4 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

Ashe's spitting cobra 的照片 — Ashe's spitting cobra。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Very heavily built, with a big head1
Colour ranges from light grey and pale mustard to dark brown1
Pale along the belly, sometimes with slight speckling or blotches1
A dark brown band across the throat1
Average length about 1.3 to 2.0 m including the tail, making it the largest spitting cobra1

常被誤認為： It was once thought to be a brown form of the black-necked spitting cobra. It was classed as a separate species in 2007.1

毒液力量

噴射或吐出

牠會對攻擊者噴出或吐出刺痛的液體。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and cytotoxic, meaning it destroys cells. It is very similar to the venom of other spitting cobras, but it can inject a much larger volume in one bite. Its venom also causes strong tissue death around a wound.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The venom has low whole-body toxicity, so survival is very likely with proper treatment. Survivors may be left disfigured by tissue damage. If venom gets into the eyes and is not treated immediately, blindness is likely. Even with antivenom, amputation may be needed after a full dose from a large specimen.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is very defensive and does not hesitate to spit when it feels cornered. It can keep spitting for hours without running out of venom straight away.1

如果牠咬人或噴毒液

If venom gets into the eyes, rinse them straight away with water or another bland liquid, as delay can cause permanent blindness. Whether the person has been bitten or spat at, they should see a doctor as soon as possible. Treatment is the appropriate antivenom, SAVP polyvalent from South African Vaccine Producers, and the dose may need to be higher than for the average black-necked spitting cobra bite.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院：抗毒血清就是治療方法。
如果毒液噴進眼睛，立刻用大量乾淨的水沖洗眼睛。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識