第 0668 號，共 1 402 號

Central American wandering spider

Phoneutria depilata

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

咬吃：肉

The Central American wandering spider is a large, ground-living spider. It is found in parts of Central and northern South America, including Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. It matters because its bites have been recorded in people, and a few have caused serious effects.1

分布在

Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala1

北美洲, 南美洲

首頁

It lives in disturbed areas linked to dry and humid tropical forests. It usually sits on the ground, where there is sparse leaf litter and low plants. Human bites have been recorded in Costa Rica and in banana plantations in Colombia.1

長度

10 cm (3,9 in)1

最高速度

大約 1,8 km/h（1,1 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is a general predator that eats mostly other arthropods, such as insects and other spiders. It also sometimes eats small vertebrates, including geckos, hylid treefrogs and sphaerodactylid geckos.1

Central American wandering spider 的照片 — Central American wandering spider。照片：Oliver Power。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Adult females are much larger than males.1
The carapace (the hard upper shell of the body) is brown with a long black line down the middle.1
The jaws (chelicerae) are brown with reddish hairs.1
The underside is dark brown with four rows of yellow dots.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains many neurotoxins, which are poisons that affect the nerves. They mainly act on sodium and calcium ion channels, which are the gates that let charged particles move in and out of nerve and muscle cells. The venom also contains enzymes, including serine proteases, metalloproteases, cholinesterases and hyaluronidases, which may explain some of the effects of a bite.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Most recorded human bites caused mild to moderate symptoms. All the recorded bites were from adult spiders. One bite caused severe symptoms, including kidney failure (renal failure).1

如果牠咬人

清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 200 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Central American wandering spider 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Central American wandering spider 大約 1,8 km/h (1,1 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Each egg sac can hold up to 1300 eggs, which is far more than most spiders produce.1

Adult females can have a stride length of more than 10 centimetres.1

Spiderlings become adults only after 14 to 17 moults.1

Sexual maturity is reached 300 to 465 days after the spiderlings leave the egg sac.1

It prefers disturbed land, such as areas changed by people, rather than deep undisturbed forest.1

給毒液專家

學名: Phoneutria depilata
類群: 蜘蛛
家人: Ctenidae2
排序: Araneae
各大洲: 北美洲, 南美洲
寶寶: Each egg sac holds between 430 and 1300 eggs. The young (spiderlings) emerge 28 to 34 days after the egg sac is produced.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3