第 0663 號，共 1 402 號

Brazilian wandering spider

Phoneutria nigriventer

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

咬吃：肉

The Brazilian wandering spider is a large, hairy spider whose bite is medically significant. It lives in parts of South America, including Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina, and it is often found near homes. Its bite can cause severe pain and dangerous effects on the heart and breathing.1

分布在

Southern Cone of South America: Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina1

南美洲

首頁

It lives in banana trees, foliage and urban areas, and is mainly found inside houses. During the day it hides under logs or in crevices.1

長度

5 cm (2 in)1

最高速度

大約 2,1 km/h（1,3 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats crickets, katydids, mantids, tree frogs, lizards and bats. It hunts by ambush at night rather than using a web.1

Brazilian wandering spider 的照片 — Brazilian wandering spider。照片：Techuser。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

A large spider with a body up to 5 cm long1
Legs can span up to 15 cm in larger individuals1
Body covered in thick brown hair1
Hunts at night and catches prey by ambush rather than in a web1
When threatened, raises its first two pairs of legs as a warning1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom contains neurotoxic peptides, which attack the nerves. These act as calcium channel blockers that disrupt how nerve cells send signals. The venom also causes intense pain and inflammation. At deadly concentrations it causes loss of muscle control, breathing problems, paralysis and eventual asphyxiation. Other symptoms reported include priapism, a rapid heartbeat, irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic shock, fluid in the lungs and convulsions.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Its bite can be life-threatening, and several deaths are documented. Between 1925 and 1945, 415 bites by this species were recorded, and 400 of those people needed antivenom. The spider can give a dry bite with no venom, or a bite with only a small dose.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it raises its first two pairs of legs as a warning.1

如果牠咬人

In the documented cases, victims were treated in hospital with anaesthetics, tetanus prophylaxis, antivenom and fluid replacement. Recovery could take about 36 hours after a bite.1
清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識