第 0654 號，共 1 402 號

Chilean recluse

Loxosceles laeta

名字的由來： Laeta is Latin for "happy". In Spanish it is called araña de rincón, meaning "corner spider".1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

蜘蛛

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The Chilean recluse is a brown spider from South America that is considered the most dangerous of the recluse spiders. Its bite can cause serious skin damage and, in rare cases, serious illness that affects the whole body. It is also known for spreading to homes and buildings in several other countries.1

分布在

Native to South America, including Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Uruguay and southern and eastern Brazil1

南美洲

首頁

Dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets and garages. It is often found in human homes. It has also been found in buildings in the USA, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Finland and Germany, although it does not thrive in most of these places.1

長度

8 mm 到 4 cm (0,3 in 到 1,6 in)1

最高速度

大約 0,98 km/h（0,61 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It hunts at night, leaving its messy web to do so.1

Chilean recluse 的照片 — Chilean recluse。照片：Kaz Born。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Brown, ranging from light tan to brown.1
Usually has a dark, violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body section, but this marking may not be visible.1
Has six eyes arranged in three pairs, not the eight eyes most spiders have. Checking the eyes is more reliable than checking the marking.1
Measures 8 to 40 mm including legs, making it one of the larger recluse species.1
Builds irregular webs with a messy shelter of tangled threads. It leaves these webs at night to hunt.1

常被誤認為： Other recluse spiders look similar. The violin marking is not a reliable guide, so the eye arrangement is the more important feature for identification. Six eyes in three pairs is the key clue.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains sphingomyelinase D, a substance that destroys skin and tissue. Most bites cause mild irritation, but serious bites can cause a necrotising skin ulcer, which is an open wound where tissue dies. In 10 to 15% of cases, the venom causes a whole-body condition that damages organs, blood cells and kidneys. Bites may feel fine at first, and visible damage can take up to seven hours to appear, while the venom can spread through the body within minutes.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Its bite often causes serious reactions, up to and including death. In a study covering 30 years of bites in Chile, 3 to 4% of cases ended in death. In a study of 250 cases in Santiago, Chile, from 1955 to 2000, 9 of the 47 people with the most severe whole-body reaction died. Skin damage can take months, and sometimes years, to heal, leaving deep scars.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is not aggressive and usually bites only when it is pressed against skin, such as when someone puts on clothing where it is hiding.1

如果牠咬人

Applying an ice pack helps, because the venom is more active at high temperatures. Aloe vera may soothe the skin and help control pain.1
清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識