第 0951 號，共 1 402 號

European hornet

Vespa crabro

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

螫吃：肉

The European hornet is the largest wasp that lives in Europe. It is a true hornet, and it is the only one of its kind found in North America, where it was introduced from Europe. It is best known for its large paper nests and its striking reddish wings and striped abdomen.1

分布在

Eurasia, from Japan to the United Kingdom; introduced to North America and found as far south as Guatemala1

歐洲, 亞洲

首頁

It prefers to nest in dark places, usually hollow tree trunks, and its paper nests are often hidden by a surrounding envelope. In autumn, it can be found hovering around garbage cans and picnic areas.1

長度

2,5 cm 到 3,5 cm (1 in 到 1,4 in)1

體重

420 mg 到 540 mg (0 oz 到 0 oz)1

最高速度

大約 33 km/h（21 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is largely carnivorous and hunts large insects such as beetles, wasps, large moths, dragonflies and mantises. It also feeds on fallen fruit and other sugary food.1

European hornet 的照片 — European hornet。照片：katunchik。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Eyes deeply indented and shaped like a "C"1
Reddish-orange wings1
Abdomen striped with brown and yellow1
Workers average about 2.5 cm long; queens can reach about 3.5 cm1
Has hair on the thorax and abdomen, but is not as hairy as most bees1

常被誤認為： It is often mistaken for the Asian giant hornet because of its colours and abdomen pattern. The European hornet is significantly smaller than the Asian giant hornet, and it is larger than most common wasps, such as Vespula vulgaris.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, histamine and noradrenaline, along with enzymes, proteins such as melittin and bradykinin, and a neurotoxin called apamin, which attacks the nerves. In one documented case, a person developed tingling at the sting, headaches and shortness of breath, along with a fast, irregular heartbeat.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Most stings do not need medical attention, but in rare cases they can be serious. In one documented case the victim needed hospital treatment, though that person may have been unusually sensitive to hornet and wasp stings.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It stings when it is stepped on or grabbed and is defensive of its nest, and it may sting without warning when near its nest or food. When alarmed, it performs a dance outside the nest with loud buzzing, darting in and out, and attacking or approaching the target.1

如果牠螫人

Most stings do not require medical attention. In rare serious cases, hospital treatment is needed; in one documented case, electrical cardioversion or the drug propafenone were effective treatments for the heart reactions.1
把蜜蜂的螫針刮掉，然後冷敷患處。
如果傷者呼吸困難、臉部或喉嚨腫脹，或覺得快要昏倒，這就是過敏急症：打緊急電話，如果傷者有腎上腺素自動注射筆，就使用它。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

比一根迴紋針還輕

大約跟一根迴紋針一樣長輕到放在手上你也感覺不到可以在 11 秒內飛過一整座足球場

European hornet 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻家蠅 大約 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

European hornet 大約 33 km/h (21 mph)

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is known to steal prey from spiders. This was first documented in 2011, when one took a wrapped insect from a yellow garden spider's web.1

It is the largest eusocial wasp native to Europe.1

Only females have a stinger, because it is a modified egg-laying device. Males cannot sting.1

In Germany, killing a European hornet or destroying its nest has been illegal since 1 January 1987, with a fine of up to €50,000, though fines are rarely imposed.1

It is the only true hornet found in North America, where it was introduced from Europe as early as 1840.1

破解迷思

迷思： European hornets are aggressive and will attack people for no reason.

真相： It generally avoids conflict. It stings mainly when it is stepped on or grabbed, or when its nest or food is threatened.1

給毒液專家

學名: Vespa crabro
類群: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
各大洲: 歐洲, 亞洲
寶寶: The queen lays eggs in the combs inside the nest. In laboratory data, egg-laying averaged 2.31 eggs per day.1
牠在野外的狀況: Locally threatened or endangered in some areas1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3