第 1301 號，共 1 402 號

Eurasian water shrew

Neomys fodiens

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

咬吃：肉

The Eurasian water shrew is a small, dark mammal that lives close to fresh water across northern Europe and Asia. It is one of the few venomous mammals, and it uses its venom to paralyse the prey it catches in the water.1

分布在

Northern Europe (except Iceland, Ireland, some Mediterranean islands and the Balkans) and northern Asia, from western Siberia to North Korea1

歐洲, 亞洲

首頁

It lives close to fresh water, in and around ditches, streams, ponds, watercress beds, fish ponds, damp meadows and rough bushy ground next to water. It rarely strays far from water.1

長度

10 cm (3,9 in)1

體重

15 g 到 19 g (0,5 oz 到 0,7 oz)1

最高速度

大約 4 km/h（2,5 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It mostly catches aquatic prey while swimming, including freshwater snails, aquatic insects, small fish, frogs, newts and small rodents. On land it eats invertebrates such as beetle and fly larvae, worms and millipedes.1

Eurasian water shrew 的照片 — Eurasian water shrew。照片：Ian Ballam。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Short, dark greyish-black fur on the head, back and sides1
Dirty white underparts, sharply separated from the darker back1
A white spot just behind the eye, and often another near the small ear1
Black nose and a long, tapering snout1
Sharp teeth tipped with red, and a slender tail with a keel of short white hairs underneath1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its saliva contains a neurotoxic venom, which attacks the nerves. It delivers this venom at the base of the skull of its prey, and the venom paralyses prey even when the prey is larger than the shrew. Tests on field voles showed the venom is lethal at a minimum dose of 15 mg per kg of body weight.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

Hantaviruses have been detected in shrews in Hungary and Poland, which raises public health concerns, although how the virus spreads is largely unknown.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Its venom is thought to immobilise organisms that may threaten it.1

如果牠咬人

把傷口徹底洗乾淨，並且就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 19 根迴紋針一樣重

跟 3 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長輕到放在手上你也感覺不到可以在 90 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Eurasian water shrew 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Eurasian water shrew 大約 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is one of the few venomous mammals. Its venom comes from glands at the base of its lower front teeth, and grooves along the teeth channel the venom into the bite.1

Its teeth are tipped with red because of deposits of iron, which harden the enamel of the tips.1

It can dive up to two metres underwater and stay under for about twenty seconds before it must surface to breathe.1

Its short fur holds air, so its skin stays dry while it swims.1

It has a home range of about 500 square metres, but when foraging on land it can travel up to 3 km.1

給毒液專家

學名: Neomys fodiens
類群: 有毒液的哺乳動物
家人: Soricidae2
排序: Eulipotyphla
各大洲: 歐洲, 亞洲
寶寶: Litters of four to eight or more young are born after a 24-day gestation period, and females can have one or two litters a year.1
壽命: 大約 3 年1
牠在野外的狀況: Least concern1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3