第 0607 號，共 1 402 號

Israeli mole viper

Atractaspis engaddensis

名字的由來： The scientific name refers to Ein Gedi, the place on the western shore of the Dead Sea where the snake was first found. Its common name 'mole viper' comes from its habit of living in underground burrows.1

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

後毒牙蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The Israeli mole viper is a small, dark, venomous snake that lives in deserts in the Middle East. It spends most of its time underground or hidden under rocks, and it is active mainly at night. It is one of the most venomous snakes in its region, but bites to people are rare.1

分布在

Palestine, Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia1

亞洲

首頁

It lives mainly in arid or semi-arid desert areas, in underground burrows and under rocks. It is also found in desert oases and around streams and springs rich in vegetation. It sometimes enters human settlements, and it can be seen basking on roads on warm nights.1

長度

60 cm 到 80 cm (2 ft 到 2,6 ft)1

最高速度

大約 4,8 km/h（3 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It prefers hatchling snakes, but it also eats lizards and small mammals such as young rodents.1

Israeli mole viper 的照片 — Israeli mole viper。照片：PyramidsFC。 CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Its body is usually dark black.1
It has small eyes with round pupils.1
Its head and tail are short and pointed, so the two ends can be hard to tell apart, even for experts.1
It is about 60 to 80 cm long.1
It is active mainly at night.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains three toxins called sarafotoxins, which act strongly on the heart. The venom affects the heart's electrical rhythm, causing an A-V block, which means the signal between the upper and lower chambers of the heart is interrupted. Death from very high doses is rapid and seems to result from effects on the nerves.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

It is an extremely venomous snake. Bites are rare because it lives mostly in deserts and underground and is slow to react. Most people survive a bite with little or no lasting damage, even small children with proper treatment. Only 2 to 3 fatal cases have been recorded since its discovery in 1950, the most recent in 2002, when a man tried to capture a snake near his house.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it rolls up with its tail raised and its head hidden under its body.1

如果牠咬人

清洗咬傷處，讓傷者保持冷靜，並且就醫。有些種類（例如非洲樹蛇）可能在幾個小時後才致命。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 1,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 4 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 75 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Israeli mole viper 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Israeli mole viper 大約 4,8 km/h (3 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its fangs can be turned to point outside its mouth, so it can stab sideways even with its mouth closed.1

Capturing this snake is dangerous, because it can bite sideways even when held by the head. Zoologist Heinrich Mendelssohn was bitten this way when he first captured one in 1944.1

There is currently no antivenom available for this snake.1

Its eggs are large compared with its body size and with snakes in general.1

It mates in July and August, which is late compared with other snakes and may point to a tropical origin.1

It is relatively non-aggressive and slow to react, even when disturbed.1

給毒液專家

學名: Atractaspis engaddensis
類群: 後毒牙蛇
家人: Atractaspididae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: Between the end of September and November, the female lays 2 to 3 large, elongated eggs, about 7.5 cm long, in humid conditions. The young hatch after about 3 months already equipped with venom.1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3