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Red spitting cobra 的卡通圖
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Red spitting cobra

Naja pallida
可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，或把毒液噴進你的眼睛，要趕快求救。
眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇 噴射或吐出吃：肉
對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The red spitting cobra is a medium-sized cobra found in East Africa. When threatened, it can spray venom into an attacker's face, which can cause burning pain and blindness. It is often considered an attractive snake, usually bright salmon-red with a black throat band.1

分布在
East Africa, including Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia, southern Egypt, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Sudan and Kenya1
非洲
首頁
It mainly lives in dry savanna and semidesert up to about 1,200 metres above sea level, and can usually be found near water holes. By day, adults hide in termite mounds, old logs, holes and brush piles. It is known to raid chickens in the region.1
長度
70 cm 到 1,2 m (2,3 ft 到 3,9 ft)1
最高速度
大約 6,8 km/h（4,2 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It has a wide range of prey but prefers amphibians such as toads and frogs when they are available. It also eats rodents, birds and probably other snakes.1
是真的！Red spitting cobra 的照片
Red spitting cobra。照片：Steven G. Johnson。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

  • Usually bright salmon-red, with a broad black throat band and teardrop markings below the eyes1
  • Colour varies by region: specimens from southern Kenya and northern Tanzania are orange-red with a dark blue or black throat band1
  • The throat band often fades or disappears in larger adults, and true red specimens turn reddish-brown with age1
  • Adults typically measure 0.7 to 1.2 metres1
  • When threatened, it rears up, shows a cobra hood and hisses loudly1

毒液力量

噴射或吐出

牠會對攻擊者噴出或吐出刺痛的液體。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains a mixture of neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and cytotoxins, which damage cells. A bite causes slight pain around the wound and numbness of the lips, fingers and tongue. Venom sprayed into the eyes causes burning pain and can cause blindness.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

It seldom causes human deaths, but survivors of its bites are usually left disfigured. In September 2011, a snake keeper from South Africa died shortly after venom was sprayed into his face while he was photographing the snake. The venom is thought to have entered his nasal passages and caused anaphylactic shock, a severe allergic reaction, and his asthma may have contributed.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it rears up, displays its hood and hisses loudly, and if the intruder does not retreat, it may spray venom at the face. In very rare cases it sprays without first rearing up.1

如果牠咬人或噴毒液

  • 讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院：抗毒血清就是治療方法。
  • 如果毒液噴進眼睛，立刻用大量乾淨的水沖洗眼睛。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了，或毒液噴進你的眼睛：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Red spitting cobra 大約 1,2 m 長 (3,9 ft)一隻狗 大約 1 m (3,3 ft)一個大人 大約 1,7 m (5,6 ft)
跟 2,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 7 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 53 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Red spitting cobra 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Young red spitting cobras spit more venom, relative to their body size, than adults do.1

2

It is thought to be cannibalistic, which may explain why adults are night-active and smaller snakes are day-active.1

3

Adults are mainly active at night, while juveniles are more active during the day.1

給毒液專家

學名
Naja pallida
類群
眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇
家人
Elapidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
非洲
寶寶
It lays eggs (it is oviparous), with a clutch of 6 to 21 eggs.1
對人的危險
4 / 5: 非常危險3

知識的出處

  1. Red spitting cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja pallida (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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