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South American black widow 的卡通圖
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South American black widow

Latrodectus curacaviensis
需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。
蜘蛛 咬吃：昆蟲
對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The South American black widow is a spider from the Lesser Antilles and South America. Females have a red and black pattern and a venomous bite. It is mainly active at night, and it is not aggressive towards people.1

分布在
Lesser Antilles and South America, including Brazil1
北美洲, 南美洲
首頁
It is usually found under logs, in sheds, in stone fireplaces, and near trash and debris, so people may meet it around homes and outbuildings.1
長度
1,1 cm 到 1,7 cm (0,4 in 到 0,7 in)1
最高速度
大約 0,92 km/h（0,57 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It feeds on small insects.1
是真的！South American black widow 的照片
South American black widow。照片：Renato Brito。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • Females grow up to 11–17 mm and have a black and red body and legs.1
  • Males are much smaller, have long legs, and are white or brown.1
  • Females have an hourglass mark with a black diamond shape and four red triangles in a square.1
  • It is mainly nocturnal, so it is most active at night.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom contains excitatory neurotoxins (alpha-latrotoxins), which overstimulate the nerves. Bites usually deliver only small amounts of venom. Symptoms can include intense pain at the bite, sweating, rapid breathing, a faster heart rate, swollen eyelids, salivation, stiff and painful abdominal muscles, nausea, vomiting and blurred sight. Some cases have also involved muscle spasms, fever and chills, which are common symptoms of latrodectism (the illness caused by black widow venom).1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Bites usually deliver only small amounts of venom, but they can cause dangerous symptoms, mostly in children, older people, and people with heart or breathing problems.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is not aggressive to humans, but females will attack to defend their egg sacs.1

如果牠咬人

  • 清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

South American black widow 大約 1,7 cm 長 (0,7 in)一粒米 大約 7 mm (0,3 in)一枚 1 歐元硬幣 大約 2,3 cm (0,9 in)
比你的小指頭還短

South American black widow 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Some reports describe priapism, a painful and prolonged erection in men, after a bite.1

2

In a case in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, the victim had muscle spasms, fever, chills and heavy sweating.1

3

Females are much bigger than males, which is common among black widow spiders.1

4

Males are easy to tell apart from females because of their long legs and white or brown colour.1

5

This spider is mainly active at night, so most encounters are likely after dark.1

破解迷思

迷思： Black widow spiders are aggressive and will attack people.

真相： This species is not aggressive to humans. Females only attack when they are defending their egg sacs.1

給毒液專家

學名
Latrodectus curacaviensis
類群
蜘蛛
家人
Theridiidae2
排序
Araneae
各大洲
北美洲, 南美洲
寶寶
Females guard their egg sacs and will attack to defend them.1
對人的危險
3 / 5: 嚴重3

知識的出處

  1. Latrodectus curacaviensis (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Latrodectus curacaviensis (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 蜘蛛

Brazilian wandering spider蜘蛛可能致命Brown recluse蜘蛛需要看醫生Southern black widow蜘蛛需要看醫生Amazon wandering spider蜘蛛可能致命Chilean recluse蜘蛛需要看醫生Northern black widow蜘蛛需要看醫生

也分布在: 北美洲

Terciopelo蝮蛇致命Eastern coral snake珊瑚蛇可能致命Eastern diamondback rattlesnake響尾蛇可能致命Eyelash viper蝮蛇可能致命Timber rattlesnake響尾蛇可能致命Western diamondback rattlesnake響尾蛇可能致命
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