第 0693 號，共 1 402 號

Wetland giant wolf spider

Tigrosa helluo

名字的由來： The genus name Tigrosa means "fierce like a tiger", a reference to the aggressive nature and colourful patterns of these spiders.1

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

蜘蛛

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The wetland giant wolf spider is a fairly small wolf spider found across the eastern United States, parts of Canada and Mexico. It hunts at night on the ground instead of building a web. Its bite is not medically significant to people.1

分布在

United States, Canada and Mexico; most of the eastern half of the US, from New England to Florida, west as far as Kansas and Nebraska1

北美洲

首頁

It lives in woods, marshes, fields and riparian areas, and prefers wetter places over dry ones. Females make nests under stones or boards in fields and woods. In Florida and Mississippi it is most often found in marshes and lakes.1

長度

6 cm (2,4 in)3

一般成體大小

體重

200 g (7 oz)1

最高速度

大約 1,2 km/h（0,75 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats a wide range of insects, including crickets, fly grubs, cockroaches, mealworms and beetles, and sometimes smaller spiders. It waits for prey and hunts alone, mostly at night. Females wait in their burrows, while males roam and look for prey.1

Wetland giant wolf spider 的照片 — Wetland giant wolf spider。照片：Meghan Cassidy。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

The carapace (the hard upper shell of the front body) is brown, with a distinct yellow stripe running from the front eyes down the body.1
The underside of the abdomen has distinct black spots.1
It is around 17 mm long on average, which makes it one of the smaller wolf spiders.1
Males have yellow legs without distinct markings. Females have reddish brown legs without markings or bands.1
It does not make webs and is usually active at night.1

常被誤認為： It is often mistaken for the nursery web spider (Pisaurina mira). The wetland giant wolf spider has a brown carapace with a distinct yellow stripe from the front eyes, and black spots on the underside of the abdomen. It is also similar to T. georgicola, but it has black spots that T. georgicola lacks, and its faint yellow stripes do not extend as far.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its bite injects venom. In people, the venom causes only minor pain and swelling.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

It is not very aggressive and will not attack people unless provoked. Its bite is not medically significant to humans, and antivenom is rarely needed.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It hides in burrows, under stones or boards, and relies on camouflage and speed to avoid predators. If needed, it will bite a predator and inject venom.1

如果牠咬人

清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 1,5 根香蕉一樣重

跟 2 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 300 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Wetland giant wolf spider 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Wetland giant wolf spider 大約 1,2 km/h (0,75 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Females can cannibalise males during or after mating. Smaller males are more likely to be eaten, and hungry females are more likely to do it.1

This species does not build webs. Females make silk-lined burrows under stones or boards instead.1

Males live for just over a year, while females often live for around two years.1

Hunger affects behaviour. Well-fed females made significantly more burrows than starved ones in a 1999 study.1

Females are much larger than males. Mature females weigh more than 300 mg and have carapaces about 6.5 mm wide, while males usually weigh more than 200 mg and have carapaces about 4.5 mm wide.1

破解迷思

迷思： Wolf spider bites are dangerous and medically serious.

真相： The bite injects venom, but it usually causes only minor pain and swelling. The spider is not very aggressive and will only bite when provoked.1

給毒液專家

學名: Tigrosa helluo
類群: 蜘蛛
家人: Lycosidae2
排序: Araneae
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: Mating usually happens in May or June. Females carry their egg sac on their back until the eggs hatch, then carry the hatchlings on their back until they can hunt on their own.1
壽命: 大約 2 年1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3