第 0678 號，共 1 402 號

Noble false widow

Steatoda nobilis

名字的由來： It is called a false widow because it looks like the black widow spider, although it belongs to a different group of spiders.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

蜘蛛

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The noble false widow is a spider that looks a lot like the black widow, which is why it has its name. It is now found in many parts of the world, including Europe, the United States and New Zealand, and it is one of the world's most invasive spiders. Its bite can be painful, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

分布在

Native to Madeira and the Canary Islands. Now established across Europe, parts of the USA, North Africa, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and New Zealand.1

歐洲, 非洲

首頁

It lives both indoors and outdoors all year round, in places such as cacti, agave, roadside cuttings, demolished buildings, telegraph poles, concrete fence posts and ivy on walls. Seaside cities and villages with a mild climate are especially good places for it.1

長度

7 mm 到 1,4 cm (0,3 in 到 0,6 in)1

最高速度

大約 0,86 km/h（0,53 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats both insects and other spiders, woodlice, and small vertebrates such as pipistrelle bats and a pygmy shrew. It catches prey with an 'attack wrap', wrapping silk around the victim while it bites, and its venom quickly paralyses the prey.1

Noble false widow 的照片 — Noble false widow。照片：Dustin Edmundson。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

The abdomen (rear body) is brown and rounded, with cream markings that are often said to look like a skull.1
The legs are reddish-orange.1
Adult females are about 9.5 to 14 mm in size, and males are about 7 to 11 mm.1
It is larger than other spiders in its genus, Steatoda, and has a typical colour pattern.1

常被誤認為： It is often mistaken for the black widow (Latrodectus) and other false widow species. It can be told apart from the black widow by its larger size within its genus and its typical colouring, though many spiders in this group look similar.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Most of its venom is made of toxins similar to those of the widow spiders, mainly alpha-latrotoxin. This toxin makes holes in nerve cells, which releases chemical messengers and blocks the signals between nerves and muscles, causing paralysis. In people, the venom is most noticeable as pain at the bite site, along with swelling, redness and fever.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

It is considered moderately medically significant. Most bites cause symptoms similar to a bee or wasp sting, but some can be more serious, partly because of bacteria. It is considered one of the most dangerous spiders in western Europe. Bites from males are less severe than bites from females, and the bite itself is usually painless, with pain coming from the venom.1

如果牠咬人

Without proper treatment, a bite wound can become infected and develop into gangrene or sepsis, so medical care should be sought.1
清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

小到可以坐在你的指甲上

Noble false widow 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Noble false widow 大約 0,86 km/h (0,53 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

The spider often catches prey much larger than itself, including bats, because its venom works quickly.1

It can survive without drinking water, getting all its liquid from its prey.1

Males court females by tapping the web and vibrating their bodies, and they can make scraping sounds with their abdomens.1

It has poor eyesight and relies mainly on vibrations travelling through its web.1

It produces three-dimensional cobwebs, and its silk is unusually strong for its genus.1

One adult female lived almost five and a half years in captivity, and adult females are long-lived.1

破解迷思

迷思： It is the same spider as the black widow.

真相： It only looks similar to the black widow. It belongs to the genus Steatoda, while the black widow belongs to the genus Latrodectus.1

給毒液專家

學名: Steatoda nobilis
類群: 蜘蛛
家人: Theridiidae2
排序: Araneae
各大洲: 歐洲, 非洲
寶寶: Females make egg sacs containing an average of 94 eggs, with a range of 34 to 208 eggs. The young hatch inside the egg sac about 18 days after the eggs are laid.1
壽命: 大約 5 年1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3