第 1165 号，共 1 402 张

Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus

Hapalochlaena nierstraszi

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

咬伤吃：肉

The Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus is a small sea creature that hides in rock crevices and coral reefs. It is one of the most venomous marine animals in the world, even though it is only about the size of a hand. Its blue rings are a warning to keep away.1

生活在

Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Australia (blue-ringed octopuses in general)1

印度洋, 安达曼海, 孟加拉湾

首页

It lives in tide pools, between rocks, in crevices and shells, and on coral reefs. Blue-ringed octopuses hide in crevices and pile rocks at the entrance to their lairs.1

长度

12 cm到20 cm (4.7 in到7.9 in)1

最高速度

约 25 公里/小时（16 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats small crustaceans, including crabs, hermit crabs and shrimp, as well as fish. It pounces on its prey, seizes it with its arms, and pierces the shell or exoskeleton with its horny beak to release venom.1

Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus的照片 — Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus。照片：Jens Petersen。 CC BY 2.5, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Yellowish skin with blue and black rings1
Small size, about 12 to 20 cm1
When provoked, it turns bright yellow and its rings flash bright iridescent blue within a third of a second1
Usually hides in crevices and is rarely seen out in the open1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom contains tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin (a poison that attacks the nerves). It causes paralysis of the muscles and can stop breathing within minutes. Victims stay fully aware but cannot move, and the venom can also cause nausea, heart failure and blindness.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The octopus carries enough venom to kill more than 20 adult humans within minutes. Its bites are tiny and often painless, so victims may not realise they have been bitten until breathing problems and paralysis begin. Estimates of recorded human deaths range from seven to 16, and most scholars agree at least 11 have occurred. Children are the most at risk because of their small body size.1

它害怕时会做什么？

It first tries to flee. If the threat continues, it takes a defensive stance and flashes its blue rings, and if cornered and touched it may bite.1

如果它咬人

First aid is pressure on the wound, followed by artificial respiration as soon as paralysis stops the victim breathing. Respiratory support should continue until medical help arrives. In hospital, the patient is put on a ventilator until the toxin leaves the body, and those who survive the first 24 hours usually recover completely.1
加压固定法：用有弹性的绷带紧紧缠住咬伤处，再缠满整条肢体，用夹板固定，让人完全不动，直到救援到来。
蓝环章鱼或芋螺可能让人在清醒时停止呼吸：立刻呼救，并准备好做人工呼吸，直到救护车接手。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲印度洋安达曼海孟加拉湾

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 6 块玩具积木排成一排一样长7.2 秒就能游完一个大泳池（50 米）

Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一名奥运游泳选手 约 8 公里/小时 (5 mph)

Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus 约 25 公里/小时 (16 mph)

一只全速游的海豚 约 35 公里/小时 (22 mph)

值得了解

事实

The blue-ringed octopus was the first animal reported to use tetrodotoxin as a venom. The same toxin is also found in pufferfish, rough-skinned newts and some poison dart frogs.1

The mother may inject the toxin into her eggs, which may then make their own venom before hatching.1

The octopus produces its venom using bacteria living inside its posterior salivary gland.1

Its blue rings flash in less than a third of a second, using muscles under nerve control. This is a warning display.1

The octopus's own body is resistant to its tetrodotoxin, so the venom does not harm it.1

In the 1983 James Bond film Octopussy, the blue-ringed octopus is the symbol of a secret order of female bandits and smugglers.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Because it is small and relatively docile, the blue-ringed octopus is harmless.

真相： It is small and usually calm, but it is very dangerous if it is provoked or handled. Its venom can kill a healthy adult within minutes if not treated.1

给毒液专家

学名: Hapalochlaena nierstraszi
类别: 芋螺和章鱼
家人: Octopodidae2
排序: Octopoda
大洲: 印度洋, 安达曼海, 孟加拉湾, 海洋
宝宝: The female lays one clutch of about 50 eggs in late autumn and keeps them under her arms for about six months. She does not eat during this time, and she dies after the eggs hatch.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least concern1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3