第 1141 号，共 1 402 张

Geography cone

Conus geographus

致命地球上最致命的动物之一。如果它蜇了你，立刻呼救。几分钟就能致命。必须已经有人在赶来救援。

蜇伤吃：鱼类

The geography cone is a predatory sea snail that lives on shallow tropical reefs in the Indo-Pacific. It hunts small fish. Its venom is strong enough to kill a person, which makes it one of the most dangerous cone snails.1

生活在

Red Sea, Indian Ocean (including off Madagascar, Mozambique and Tanzania), Indo-Pacific reefs, and off northern and western Australia and Queensland1

印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 菲律宾海, 帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉湾

首页

It lives in the sediment of shallow reefs in tropical seas.1

长度

4.3 cm到17 cm (1.7 in到6.5 in)1

最高速度

约 0.01 公里/小时（0.01 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats small fish. It fires a harpoon-like, venom-tipped tooth into its prey. The harpoon is attached to the snail by a proboscis (a tube-like feeding organ), and the prey is pulled inside to be eaten.1

Geography cone的照片 — Geography cone。照片：Daderot, no known copyright restrictions (public domain)。 Public domain, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Broad, thin shell that is cylindrically inflated, usually 10 to 15 cm long1
Ground colour is pink or violet-white, sometimes reddish1
Mottled pattern of chestnut or chocolate brown, usually forming two irregular bands1
Wide pink or violet-white opening and numerous shoulder ridges or spines1

常被误认为： Compared with other cone shells of a similar size, the geography cone has a noticeably wider, more convex middle and a flattened spire. Its walls are also thinner and lighter.1

毒液之力

蜇伤

毒液通过蜇刺出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is a complex mix of hundreds of different toxins, delivered through the harpoon-like tooth. It has the most toxic sting known among cone snails. Even the most venomous cone snails take about one to five hours to kill a healthy adult, but medical care must still be prompt.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 致命世界上最危险的动物之一。

There are reports of about 36 human deaths over the past 300 years. Live specimens should be handled with extreme caution.1

它害怕时会做什么？

Most of the venom's toxic compounds are believed to be used for defence rather than feeding.1

如果它蜇人

There is no antivenom for a cone snail sting. Treatment consists of keeping the victim alive until the symptoms wear off, so prompt medical care is essential.1
加压固定法：用有弹性的绷带紧紧缠住咬伤处，再缠满整条肢体，用夹板固定，让人完全不动，直到救援到来。
蓝环章鱼或芋螺可能让人在清醒时停止呼吸：立刻呼救，并准备好做人工呼吸，直到救护车接手。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它蜇了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲太平洋印度洋珊瑚海菲律宾海帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海孟加拉湾

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 5 块玩具积木排成一排一样长比花园蜗牛还慢

Geography cone和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只海马 约 0.0015 公里/小时 (0 mph)

Geography cone 约 0.01 公里/小时 (0.01 mph)

一只花园蜗牛 约 0.05 公里/小时 (0.03 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its venom contains a form of insulin, which it uses to stun fish. Once the venom passes through a fish's gills, the fish goes into hypoglycaemic shock (a dangerous drop in blood sugar).1

Apart from the tulip cone snail, no other known living thing is known to use its own biological insulin as a weapon.1

Research shows that some proteins from cone snail venom can be up to 10,000 times more effective than morphine as painkillers, without morphine's addictive properties and side effects.1

Of the venom's 100 to 200 toxic peptides, only 15 to 20 are used for feeding.1

Adult geography cones can fall prey to sea turtles, rays, birds and human shell collectors.1