第 1079 号，共 1 402 张

Irukandji jellyfish

Carukia barnesi

可致命不要触摸不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它蜇了你，赶快求助。

会蜇人的触手吃：肉

The Irukandji jellyfish is a tiny box jellyfish with a sting that can cause a serious illness called Irukandji syndrome. It lives in the open water near Australia, and it is hard to spot because it is so small.1

生活在

Open water near Australia, with most reported incidents in Australia, especially North Queensland1

印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海

首页

It lives in open water. Most reported stings happen in Australia during the warm summer season. Swimmers in open water near North Queensland were the first people recorded with this syndrome.1

长度

5 cm (2 in)1

最高速度

约 5 公里/小时（3.1 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Muscle cells in the tentacles bring food to the mouth, where it enters a stomach-like cavity and is digested. Its prey changes as it grows, from small invertebrates such as zooplankton and crustaceans to fish.1

Irukandji jellyfish的照片 — Irukandji jellyfish。照片：Lisa-ann Gershwin。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

The bell is square-shaped and very small, about 12 mm high and 30 mm across.1
It has four long tentacles, one from each corner of the bell.1
The tentacles range from 5 to 50 cm long.1
Its small size means it often goes unseen in open water.1

常被误认为： The common name Irukandji jellyfish is also used for other Irukandji jellyfish, such as Malo kingi. The name alone does not tell them apart.1

毒液之力

会蜇人的触手

一碰到东西，成千上万个小刺细胞就会发射。

它的毒液会造成什么？

This jellyfish is extremely venomous. Its venom comes from stinging cells called nematocysts in its tentacles and bell, and it changes as the jellyfish matures. A sting can cause Irukandji syndrome, with muscle aches, back pain, nausea, headaches, chest and stomach pains, sweating, high blood pressure and difficulty breathing.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

Irukandji syndrome can be severe, and the symptoms are described in detail in medical accounts. Most reported incidents have been in Australia during the warm summer season. Because the jellyfish is so small, people often do not see it before they are stung.1

如果它蜇人

In hospital, patients are given intravenous morphine, hydromorphone or fentanyl for pain. Pethidine is avoided because of its toxic metabolite norpethidine.1
离开水面，取下所有触手（戴手套或用布）。
热带箱水母：在蜇伤处倒醋至少 30 秒，呼救，并准备好做心肺复苏。僧帽水母和大多数其他水母：先用海水冲洗，再用热水止痛。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它蜇了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲太平洋印度洋珊瑚海帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海

它有多大？

它有多长？

比你的小指还短36 秒就能游完一个大泳池（50 米）

Irukandji jellyfish和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在游泳的人 约 3 公里/小时 (1.9 mph)

Irukandji jellyfish 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

一名奥运游泳选手 约 8 公里/小时 (5 mph)

值得了解

事实

Jack Barnes of Cairns, Australia, discovered the species. During an exploration aimed at finding the cause of Irukandji syndrome, he allowed himself, a lifeguard and his 9-year-old son to be stung.1

Irukandji syndrome, which this jellyfish can cause, was first identified after a group of swimmers were stung in open water near North Queensland, Australia.1

Its venom changes in composition as the jellyfish grows, matching its change in prey from invertebrates to fish.1

Its life cycle alternates between a young form that attaches to a reef or rock and an adult form that swims freely in the water.1

This jellyfish is a type of box jellyfish, a group known for potent venom.1

给毒液专家

学名: Carukia barnesi
类别: 水母和海中蜇人生物
家人: Carukiidae2
排序: Carybdeida
大洲: 印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海, 海洋
宝宝: Young jellyfish begin as a swimming planula larva, which settles on a reef or rock and grows into a polyp. The polyp later forms a colony that develops into an adult medusa.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3