第 1174 号，共 1 402 张

Reef stonefish

Synanceia verrucosa

名字的由来： The scientific name verrucosa means "covered with verrucas or warts", which refers to the warty growths all over its body.1

可致命不要触摸不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它的刺扎到你，赶快求助。

有毒的鱼

有毒的刺吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The reef stonefish is a fish that hides on coral reefs and looks like a rock or piece of coral. It is the most venomous fish in the world, and its venom can kill people. It lives in shallow warm seas across the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific.1

生活在

Red Sea, coastal East Africa, Indian Ocean and western Pacific to French Polynesia, southern Japan and Taiwan. Also found in the far eastern Mediterranean.1

太平洋, 印度洋, 红海, 安达曼海, 南海, 菲律宾海, 珊瑚海, 阿拉伯海和波斯湾, 帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉湾

首页

It lives in shallow tropical waters, in coral reefs. It settles on and around rocks and plants, or rests on the seabed. Its spines have been known to pierce boot soles.1

长度

40 cm (1.3 ft)1

最高速度

约 2 公里/小时（1.2 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats mostly small fish, shrimp and other crustaceans. It sits motionless on the reef floor and waits for prey to swim past, then engulfs it at great speed. Some have struck prey in 0.015 seconds.1

Reef stonefish的照片 — Reef stonefish。照片：Ewout Knoester。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Usually brown or grey, sometimes with patches of yellow, orange or red.1
Rough, tough skin covered in warts, with no scales.1
Wide, flattened head with small eyes that point upwards.1
Back fin with 12 to 14 spines, all of equal length.1
Its colour and skin texture help it blend in among rocks and corals.1

毒液之力

有毒的刺

锋利的刺带着毒液。踩到或抓住它会很疼。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is a mixture of proteins. Effects include severe pain, shock, paralysis and tissue death. A large dose can be fatal, and the fatal protein in this species is verrucotoxin. Stonefish venom can be fatal at a dose of only 18 mg, which six of its thirteen spines can release.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

It is the most venomous fish in the world and its venom can kill humans. A large dose can be fatal, and young children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems are at greatest risk.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

It relies on camouflage to stay hidden and, when necessary, on its back spines, each with venom sacs at its base.1

如果它的刺扎到你

Immerse the affected limb in hot water, which is thought to help break down the venom proteins. A local anaesthetic can reduce the pain, and medical treatment includes antivenom. A tourniquet or firm constrictive bandage is no longer recommended.1
把伤口泡在热水里，水温以不烫伤为限、尽量热（先用你自己的手试一试），泡 30 到 90 分钟。去看医生，尤其是被石头鱼和魟鱼伤到时。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果它的刺扎到你：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲太平洋印度洋红海珊瑚海南海菲律宾海安达曼海阿拉伯海和波斯湾帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海孟加拉湾

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 2 根香蕉首尾相接一样长和 12 块玩具积木排成一排一样长90 秒就能游完一个大泳池（50 米）

Reef stonefish和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只花园蜗牛 约 0.05 公里/小时 (0.03 mph)

Reef stonefish 约 2 公里/小时 (1.2 mph)

一个在游泳的人 约 3 公里/小时 (1.9 mph)

值得了解

事实

It is the most venomous fish in the world.1

It strikes its prey in as little as 0.015 seconds.1

Its spines are sharp and stiff enough to pierce boot soles.1

Only six of its thirteen spines can release a fatal dose of venom.1

It is sold as an aquarium pet and as meat in some markets in southern China, the Philippines and Japan.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Tying a tight tourniquet or bandage above a stonefish sting is the best first aid.

真相： This is no longer recommended. Hot water on the affected limb and medical treatment with antivenom are the advised steps.1

给毒液专家

学名: Synanceia verrucosa
类别: 有毒的鱼
家人: Synanceiidae2
排序: Perciformes
大洲: 太平洋, 印度洋, 红海, 安达曼海, 南海, 菲律宾海, 珊瑚海, 阿拉伯海和波斯湾, 帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉湾, 海洋
宝宝: Females lay large, unfertilised eggs on the reef floor, and a male fertilises them by releasing sperm over the eggs. The young hatch well developed.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3