第 0386 号，共 1 402 张

Common lancehead

Bothrops atrox

名字的由来： The name fer-de-lance comes from French and means 'head of a lance' or 'spearhead'. The Spanish name barba amarilla means 'yellow beard', after the pale-yellow chin.1

致命One of the deadliest animals on Earth. If it bites you, call for help at once.快速救治和抗毒血清能救活大多数人。立刻拨打急救电话。

蝮蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 致命世界上最危险的动物之一。

The common lancehead is a highly venomous pit viper that lives in the tropical lowlands of northern South America and on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. It is one of the most common pit vipers in its range and is not endangered. Its venom disrupts blood clotting, which makes its bite especially serious.1

生活在

Tropical lowlands of northern South America east of the Andes, and the Caribbean island of Trinidad1

南美洲

首页

It is mostly found on the ground and prefers wet forests. In Trinidad it lives from sea level up to 940 m. It is also met in coffee and banana plantations, where it hunts rodents and where workers are often bitten.1

长度

75 cm到1.6 m (2.5 ft到5.3 ft)1

最高速度

约 3.9 公里/小时（2.4 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It mainly eats small mammals such as rodents and opossums, and birds, but also takes frogs, lizards, smaller snakes, fish, crayfish, centipedes and tarantulas. Larger prey is struck and released, then tracked down by its scent trail.1

Common lancehead的照片 — Common lancehead。照片：Alexandre S. Michelotto。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Ground colour is olive, brown, tan, grey or yellow, and rarely rusty.1
The body pattern is a series of blotches that often fuse into bands. The markings are X-like, which is why some local names refer to the letter X.1
The chin is pale yellow, and a dark stripe runs from behind the eye to the corner of the mouth.1
The irises are gold or bronze, and the tongue is black.1
Adults usually measure 75 to 125 cm in total length and are moderately heavy-bodied.1

常被误认为： It is often confused with Bothrops asper, which was once included in this species. Most authorities now consider B. asper to be a separate species. This confusion also makes reports of its maximum size unclear.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is haemorrhagic, meaning it damages the lining of blood vessels and uses up the substances that allow blood to clot. Symptoms can include severe bleeding, kidney failure, abnormal clotting, blisters and necrosis (death of body tissue). Bleeding in the brain can also occur. Recovery from the clotting problem has been seen 14 to 30 hours after a bite.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 致命世界上最危险的动物之一。

The bite is serious and can be fatal. Plantation workers are often bitten. Juvenile snakes have more lethal venom that kills more quickly, and people bitten by young snakes are more likely to develop the clotting problem. In a case reported in the Brazilian Amazon, the patient died of a stroke even after antivenom was given. A Mexican polyvalent antivenom tested against it had no effect on the clotting problem.1

它害怕时会做什么？

It is easily agitated, and it can lie camouflaged for hours, nearly undetectable, then strike at high speed.1

If it bites

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
If one bites you: stay calm, keep still, call your emergency number (112, 000, 911) or get to a hospital fast. Remember what it looked like, a photo helps.

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 3 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 9 根香蕉首尾相接一样长92 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Common lancehead和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Common lancehead 约 3.9 公里/小时 (2.4 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

An enzyme called reptilase, or batroxobin, is taken from its venom and used in modern medical laboratories to measure fibrinogen levels and blood clotting. The enzyme is not affected by heparin.1

Although it is mostly terrestrial, it is an excellent swimmer and will climb trees when needed to reach prey.1

Females with developing embryos move in and out of sunlight to keep themselves and the embryos at a constant temperature.1

Venom yield averages 124 milligrams, but can reach 342 milligrams.1

Despite the large-scale destruction of rainforests, it is among the most numerous and common of pit vipers.1

给毒液专家

学名: Bothrops atrox
类别: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 南美洲
宝宝: It gives birth to live young, up to 80 at once, with an average of about 60 per litter in equatorial regions after a gestation of three to four months.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Not endangered1
对人的危险: 5 / 5: 致命3