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South American bushmaster的卡通图
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South American bushmaster

Lachesis muta
名字的由来： Its scientific name comes from Lachesis, one of the three Fates in Greek mythology, and muta, Latin for "dumb" or "mute", because it has no rattle.1
可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。
蝮蛇 咬伤吃：肉
对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The South American bushmaster is one of the longest vipers in the world, and it is the longest venomous snake in the Western Hemisphere. It lives in the equatorial forests east of the Andes and on the island of Trinidad. Its bite is dangerous, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

生活在
South America, in equatorial forests east of the Andes, and the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean1
南美洲
首页
It lives in primary and secondary forests and in nearby fields and cleared areas. In Trinidad it tends to prefer hilly and mountainous regions. In Ilhéus, Brazil, a child was bitten after stepping on one on the way out of a house.1
长度
2 m到3.6 m (6.6 ft到12 ft)1
体重
3 kg到5 kg (6.6 lb到11 lb)1
最高速度
约 5.1 公里/小时（3.2 英里/小时）
在陆地上, 粗略估计
它吃什么？
It eats mainly rats and mice. Birds and reptiles are sometimes eaten. Spiny rats are favoured prey in Costa Rica, and rice rats and agoutis are other favourites. It also eats porcupines, squirrels, opossums, squirrel monkeys and frogs.1
真的！South American bushmaster的照片
South American bushmaster。照片：Christopher Murray。 Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

  • Its ground colour is yellowish, reddish or grey-brown.1
  • Dark brown or black blotches run along the body, forming inverted triangles on the sides.1
  • Adults are usually 2 to 2.5 m long, and 3 m is not unusual.1
  • The head is broad and clearly separate from the narrow neck.1
  • The tail is short and ends in a spine. When alarmed it vibrates the tail, which makes a loud rustling in undergrowth.1

常被误认为： It is similar in appearance to rattlesnakes. It has no rattle, so its tail vibration sounds like rustling leaves rather than a rattle.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom breaks down tissue, stops blood from clotting, and can cause bleeding. It also has effects on the nerves. At the bite there is pain, swelling, bruising, blisters and skin death. Whole-body effects include low blood pressure, dizziness, vision problems, a slow heartbeat, vomiting, diarrhoea and kidney failure.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

Its bites are often fatal. Lab tests show its venom is weak, but the mortality rate of bite victims is high. In reported cases, a 7-year-old boy in Brazil died about 15 minutes after being bitten, and a 5-year-old child in Mato Grosso went into shock about 30 minutes after a bite and died within 90 minutes.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened it vibrates its tail, which makes a loud rustling sound in the undergrowth.1

如果它咬人

  • 让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。 急救基础

注意安全

  • 永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
  • 给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
  • 如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。 更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

South American bushmaster 约 3.6 m 长 (12 ft)大人的自行车 约 1.8 m (5.9 ft)一辆汽车 约 4.5 m (15 ft)

它有多重？

和 1 只家猫一样重
和 4 只狗鼻子接尾巴一样长和 20 根香蕉首尾相接一样长差不多和一只家猫一样重71 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

South American bushmaster和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

值得了解

事实

1

It is the longest viper in the world.1

2

It is the third longest venomous snake in the world, after the king cobra and the black mamba.1

3

Stress also lowers its venom yield. One specimen's yield fell from 233 mg to 64 mg while it was kept in captivity.1

4

Its name Lachesis comes from one of the three Fates of Greek mythology, who was said to decide how long a person would live.1

5

It rarely lives long in captivity, because stress makes it unwell.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Its venom is weak, so its bite is not very serious.

真相： Lab tests show low toxicity, but bite victims die at a high rate, so the bite is very dangerous.1

给毒液专家

学名
Lachesis muta
类别
蝮蛇
家人
Viperidae2
排序
Squamata
大洲
南美洲
对人的危险
4 / 5: 非常危险3

事实的来源

  1. Lachesis muta (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Lachesis muta (iNaturalist): 名称和分类。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危险等级、典型大小和速度估计都是我们自己给出的。看看我们是怎么算的： 我们如何评定危险.

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