第 0389 号，共 1 402 张

Golden lancehead

Bothrops insularis

名字的由来： Its common name comes from the light yellowish-brown colour of its underside and from its lance-shaped head, which is typical of the genus Bothrops.1

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

蝮蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The golden lancehead is an extremely venomous pit viper that lives only on one small Brazilian island, Ilha da Queimada Grande. It is one of the most venomous snakes in Latin America. Because the island is uninhabited and closed to visitors, it is very unlikely that people will ever meet one.1

生活在

Ilha da Queimada Grande (Snake Island), off the coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Found nowhere else in the wild.1

南美洲

首页

The island has forest, clearings and shrubs, and a mild climate that stays between 18 °C and just over 22 °C. The rocky terrain makes the island hard to reach, and no humans or other mammals live there. The snake hunts in trees and shelters in leaf litter or rock crevices.1

长度

70 cm到1.2 m (2.3 ft到3.9 ft)1

最高速度

约 3.5 公里/小时（2.2 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Adults mostly eat perching birds and also lizards, and may sometimes eat other golden lanceheads. After biting prey, it keeps the animal in its mouth instead of releasing it and tracking it, which is thought to suit hunting birds.1

Golden lancehead的照片 — Golden lancehead。照片：Nayeryouakim。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Pale yellowish-brown body with a series of dorsal blotches that may be triangular or square.1
Belly is a uniform pale yellow or cream.1
Lance-shaped head that comes to a point at the nose.1
No well-defined stripe running behind the eye.1
Has a longer tail than its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

常被误认为： Its closest relative is B. jararaca, which lives in southern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The golden lancehead can be told apart from it mainly by its longer tail.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is adapted to the animals of the island, mainly reptiles, arthropods and migrating birds, so it works better on these than on mammals. Chemical analysis suggests it is five times as potent as the venom of B. jararaca and is the fastest-acting venom in the genus Bothrops. Its venom becomes more potent as the snake matures. Effects reported in envenomations include swelling, pain, nausea, vomiting, blood blisters, bruising, bleeding into the gut and brain, kidney failure and severe muscle damage.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

No official report of a human bite from this species has been made, because the island is uninhabited. Other lanceheads cause more human deaths than any other group of snakes in North or South America. One researcher reports four human envenomations by this species, three of which were fatal. For lanceheads in general, the mortality rate is 0.5 to 3.0% with treatment and 7.0% without it.1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 2.5 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 7 根香蕉首尾相接一样长100 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Golden lancehead和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Golden lancehead 约 3.5 公里/小时 (2.2 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its venom is thought to be five times as potent as that of its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

Its venom has evolved to suit the animals of its island, which has no native mammals.1

Its tail is longer than that of its closest relative, which may help it climb through trees and catch larger birds from a younger age.1

The island's population was estimated at between 2,414 and 2,899 snakes in 2021.1

Travel to the island is strictly prohibited by the Brazilian government.1

It is found only on Ilha da Queimada Grande, an island of about 43 hectares, and nowhere else in the wild.1

给毒液专家

学名: Bothrops insularis
类别: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 南美洲
宝宝: Like most vipers, it gives birth to live young. The average number of young per pregnancy is 6.5.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List)1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3