第 0388 号，共 1 402 张

Jararacussu

Bothrops jararacussu

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

咬伤吃：肉

The jararacussu is a large, highly venomous pit viper that lives in South America. It can grow up to 2.2 metres long and is one of the most feared snakes on the continent. Its bite can cause serious harm, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

生活在

Coastal Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catarina), Paraguay, south-eastern Bolivia and north-eastern Argentina (Misiones Province)1

南美洲

首页

It lives in the Atlantic forest and semi-deciduous forest. It is also found in perennial forests, pine forests in Paraná in low swampy regions, and along river banks.1

长度

2.2 m (7.2 ft)1

最高速度

约 4.2 公里/小时（2.6 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It usually feeds on amphibians and rodents.1

Jararacussu的照片 — Jararacussu。照片：Henrique Nogueira。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

A fairly large snake with a robust body and head.1
Body and head colour varies widely. The background can be brown, yellow or almost black.1
A pattern of dark arches, and dark spots on the back that look like the letter X.1
Medium-sized eyes with vertical, elliptical pupils.1
Strongly keeled scales.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom contains cytotoxins, haemotoxins and myotoxins. Cytotoxins damage cells, haemotoxins affect the blood, and myotoxins damage muscle. Severe bites can cause necrosis (death of tissue), shock, spontaneous bleeding inside the body, and kidney failure. Many patients also develop coagulopathy, a condition where the blood cannot clot properly.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The venom is potent enough to kill sixteen people. In one study of 29 bites in São Paulo state, Brazil, three patients aged 3, 11 and 65 died from respiratory and circulatory failure, even with large doses of antivenom in intensive care. Six patients had necrosis, and one of them lost a limb to amputation. Bites from snakes over 50 cm long caused the most severe effects.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

It is described as very aggressive in behaviour.1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 4 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 12 根香蕉首尾相接一样长86 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Jararacussu和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Jararacussu 约 4.2 公里/小时 (2.6 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its venom yield is 1000 mg, which is enough to kill 10,163 rats in laboratory measures.1

Its fangs are about 2.5 cm long, and it can inject a large amount of venom.1

It warms up in the morning sun, then goes out to hunt at night.1

It is ovoviviparous and gives birth to between 16 and 20 young in the rainy season.1

给毒液专家

学名: Bothrops jararacussu
类别: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 南美洲
宝宝: It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother and she gives birth to live young. A litter has between 16 and 20 young, born in the rainy season.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3