第 0082 号，共 1 402 张

Eastern coral snake

Micrurus fulvius

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

咬伤吃：肉

The eastern coral snake is a highly venomous snake with bright rings of red, yellow and black. It lives in the southeastern United States, including all of Florida. Its bright colours warn predators to keep away, and it is one of the snakes that people most need to recognise.1

生活在

Southeastern United States, including all of Florida, north to the southern coast of North Carolina1

北美洲

首页

It lives in upland hammocks, scrub, pine flatwoods and dry, open, bushy ground, often on sandy soil. Coral snakes spend most of their time underground or sheltering under objects, so people rarely see them.1

长度

18 cm到1.3 m (7.1 in到4.2 ft)1

最高速度

约 4.9 公里/小时（3 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats mainly other snakes and lizards, and also eats mammals, birds, frogs, fish and insects. It bites the head of its prey first to inject venom, then holds on until the prey is paralysed before swallowing it.1

Eastern coral snake的照片 — Eastern coral snake。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Wide red and black rings are separated by narrow yellow rings all along the body.1
The head is black from the snout to just behind the eyes, with a yellow band behind the eyes.1
The red rings are usually speckled with black.1
Adults are usually less than 80 cm long, including the tail.1

常被误认为： The scarlet snake and the scarlet kingsnake are nonvenomous mimics with similar colours. Kingsnakes and the scarlet snake are helpful predators of rats and mice, so the difference matters.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom is a potent neurotoxin, which attacks the nerves. In humans, symptoms can include local pain, slurred speech, double vision, weakness and paralysis, and in severe cases breathing can fail. An estimated 5 mg of venom can be lethal to humans.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

Bites and deaths are very rare. Two deaths were documented in the 1950s, and one more has been reported since antivenin became available in the 1960s, the most recent in 2006. The snake is secretive and reluctant to bite; an estimated 40% of bites inject venom, though a 1987 study found 75%.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened it tries to escape, and if it cannot, it may hide its head under its coils, mimic the head with its tail, move erratically or feign death.1

如果它咬人

The most recent victim died after failing to seek proper medical attention, so anyone bitten should get medical help straight away. Antivenom is available.1
让人保持安静不动，尽快送医院，即使咬伤看起来很小：症状可能几小时后才出现。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 2.5 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 7 根香蕉首尾相接一样长73 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Eastern coral snake和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Eastern coral snake 约 4.9 公里/小时 (3 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

An adult's venom can kill up to five adult humans, but the snake cannot release all of it in a single bite.1

Unlike New World pit vipers, the coral snake cannot control how much venom it injects.1

Males mature 11 to 16 months after hatching, while females take about 26 months.1

Coral snakes are mostly active during the day, and night sightings are rare.1

The range could expand up to 200 km northward because of climate change, according to future models.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： "Red and yellow, kill a fellow" is a reliable way to tell a venomous coral snake from a harmless mimic.

真相： The rhyme is a folk saying that only applies to snakes in the southern United States, and it does not work anywhere else.1

给毒液专家

学名: Micrurus fulvius
类别: 珊瑚蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: Females lay between 3 and 12 eggs, usually in June, which hatch around September, and there is no parental care.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least Concern globally (IUCN, 2007), but of significant conservation concern locally, for example Endangered in North Carolina1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3