第 0517 号，共 1 402 张

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake

Crotalus adamanteus

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

咬伤吃：肉

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is a pit viper that lives in the southeastern United States. It is the largest rattlesnake species and one of the heaviest venomous snakes in the Americas. Its diamond-patterned back and loud rattle make it easy to recognise, and it is widely regarded as one of the most dangerous venomous snakes in North America.1

生活在

Southeastern United States, from southeastern North Carolina through Florida to the Florida Keys, and west to southeastern Louisiana1

北美洲

首页

It lives in upland dry pine forests, flatwoods, sandhills, coastal hammocks, cypress swamps and salt marshes. It often shelters in burrows made by gophers and gopher tortoises.1

长度

1.1 m到2.4 m (3.6 ft到7.9 ft)1

体重

800 g到15 kg (1.8 lb到34 lb)1

最高速度

约 4.2 公里/小时（2.6 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It hunts small mammals, especially rabbits and rice rats, and also eats birds. It either actively searches for prey or waits coiled in ambush for up to a week. After striking and releasing its prey, it follows the scent trail the dying animal leaves.1

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake的照片 — Eastern diamondback rattlesnake。照片：Caudatejake。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Dark brown to black diamond-shaped blotches on a brownish, grey or olive background, each outlined with cream or yellowish scales1
A dark stripe runs from behind each eye to the mouth corner, edged above and below by white or yellow stripes1
A rattle of hollow segments at the tail tip, which break off and are replaced when the snake sheds1
Five to ten bands around the tail, below the diamond pattern1
A large, heavy body, with adults often around 1.1 to 1.7 m long1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom contains more than 100 different toxins, and about 40 have been identified, making it one of the most studied snake venoms. The venom contains a thrombin-like enzyme called crotalase, which clots fibrinogen, a protein needed for blood clotting. The estimated human lethal dose is 100 to 150 mg.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

It has a reputation as the most dangerous venomous snake in North America. It is not usually aggressive, but it is large and powerful. Reported mortality from untreated bites is 10 to 20% in some studies and 30% in another, and it is a major cause of fatal snakebites within its range.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened, it raises the front half of its body in an S-shaped coil, rattles loudly, and can strike to at least a third of its body length.1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 4 只家猫一样重

和 5 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 13 根香蕉首尾相接一样长86 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake 约 4.2 公里/小时 (2.6 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

It is the largest rattlesnake species. One specimen shot in 1946 measured 2.4 m and weighed 15.4 kg.1

In proportion to its length, it has the longest fangs of any rattlesnake, with fangs of over 25 mm expected in a 2.4 m adult.1

It can strike its prey within a tenth of a second.1

It can swim well and has been seen crossing water sometimes miles from land.1

Although mainly ground-dwelling, it has been spotted up to 10 m above the ground in bushes and trees.1

Males are usually larger than females, which is a rare pattern called reverse sexual size dimorphism.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： The eastern diamondback must rattle before it strikes.

真相： It can strike while completely silent. Some individuals stay quiet even when approached closely.1

给毒液专家

学名: Crotalus adamanteus
类别: 响尾蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: It gives birth to live young, between 4 and 28 at a time, usually from July to early October. The newborns are 30 to 36 cm long and look like adults, except they have a small button instead of a rattle.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least Concern on the IUCN Red List (2001), but its population trend is down. It is under review for the US Endangered Species List, and it is considered endangered in North Carolina.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3