第 0519 号，共 1 402 张

Timber rattlesnake

Crotalus horridus

名字的由来： Crotalus is Latin for a rattle or the sound of a castanet. Horridus is Latin for horrid or dreadful, probably because of its potentially deadly venom.1

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

响尾蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The timber rattlesnake is a venomous pit viper that lives in forests and rocky land in the eastern United States. It is the only rattlesnake in most of the crowded northeastern states, and it is one of the most northerly venomous snakes in North America.1

生活在

Eastern United States, from southern Minnesota and southern New Hampshire south to East Texas and North Florida. Extinct in Canada.1

北美洲

首页

It lives in deciduous forests in rugged terrain, as well as lowland cane thickets, swamp edges, river floodplains, hardwood and pine forests, mountains and rural farmland. In winter it shelters in dens and limestone crevices, and in summer pregnant females favour open, rocky ledges.1

长度

91 cm到1.9 m (3 ft到6.2 ft)1

体重

500 g到4.5 kg (1.1 lb到9.9 lb)1

最高速度

约 3.8 公里/小时（2.4 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats mainly small mammals such as mice, rats, squirrels and rabbits, and sometimes small birds and frogs. It waits in ambush, often on fallen logs, then strikes and follows its prey until it can eat it.1

Timber rattlesnake的照片 — Timber rattlesnake。照片：Peter Paplanus from St. Louis, Missouri。 CC BY 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Dark brown or black crossbands on a yellowish-brown or greyish background1
The crossbands have irregular zig-zag edges and may be V- or M-shaped1
A rust-coloured stripe often runs down the middle of the back1
The tail is black and looks 'velvety'1
Melanism (very dark colouring) is common, and some individuals are almost solid black1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is extremely potent and can be haemorrhagic (damaging blood vessels and causing bleeding) or neurotoxic (attacking the nerves), depending on the population and location. Its long fangs, large size and high venom yield make it potentially one of North America's most dangerous snakes. Venom-induced incapacitation can progress rapidly.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

It is potentially one of North America's most dangerous snakes, but it is usually shy and calm. It will retreat if it can and attacks mainly when cornered. Over many years in western Pennsylvania, one naturalist heard of only one death from its bite. Bites are widespread in some areas of Iowa's forests. Its remote, wooded habitat can make emergency medical care difficult or even impossible.1

它害怕时会做什么？

It rattles and feints a good deal before striking, and it will try to retreat first if it feels threatened.1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 1 只家猫一样重

和 4 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 11 根香蕉首尾相接一样长差不多和一只家猫一样重95 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Timber rattlesnake和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Timber rattlesnake 约 3.8 公里/小时 (2.4 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Timber rattlesnakes return to the same winter den each year, and juveniles can track chemical cues to find relatives in it.1

Female timber rattlesnakes bask in the sun on open rocky areas called basking knolls before they give birth.1

They share winter dens with copperheads and rat snakes.1

It is the only rattlesnake in most of the populous Northeastern United States, and one of the most northerly venomous snakes in North America.1

Males often mate farther from the winter dens than females do.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Rattlesnakes attack people as soon as they see them.

真相： Timber rattlesnakes are shy and will try to retreat from danger first. They attack mainly when they are cornered, so leaving them alone keeps people safe.1

给毒液专家

学名: Crotalus horridus
类别: 响尾蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: Females first reproduce at a mean age of 9.6 years and average 7.7 offspring per litter. Most females reproduce only once in their lifetime.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Extirpated in Canada, as listed under the Canadian Species at Risk Act in May 2001.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3