第 0653 号，共 1 402 张

Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa

名字的由来： The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1

需要看医生很少致命，但被咬了要去看医生。

蜘蛛

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

生活在

Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1

北美洲

首页

Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1

长度

6 mm到2 cm (0.2 in到0.8 in)1

最高速度

约 0.8 公里/小时（0.5 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1

Brown recluse的照片 — Brown recluse。照片：Rosa Pineda。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

常被误认为： The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

如果它咬人

清洗咬伤处，用冰袋冷敷止痛。如果疼得厉害、疼痛扩散或感到不适，就去看医生。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

差不多和一个回形针一样长

Brown recluse和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Brown recluse 约 0.8 公里/小时 (0.5 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

真相： The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

给毒液专家

学名: Loxosceles reclusa
类别: 蜘蛛
家人: Sicariidae2
排序: Araneae
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3