第 0518 号，共 1 402 张

Western diamondback rattlesnake

Crotalus atrox

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

咬伤吃：肉

The western diamondback rattlesnake is a large, venomous pit viper that lives in the southwestern United States and the northern half of Mexico. It is thought to cause most snakebite deaths in northern Mexico and more snakebites in the United States than any other snake. Its diamond-shaped back markings and loud rattle make it easier to recognise, but it should always be given plenty of space.1

生活在

Southwestern United States and the northern half of Mexico, from central Arkansas to southeastern California1

北美洲

首页

It lives in places from flat coastal plains to steep rocky canyons, including desert, scrub and pine-oak forest. It is often seen on warm blacktop roads, and in growing towns such as Phoenix and Tucson it is met by homeowners more often.1

长度

2.1 m (7 ft)1

体重

6.7 kg (15 lb)1

最高速度

约 3.9 公里/小时（2.4 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Small mammals make up most of its diet, at 94.8% by weight in one Texas study. It also eats birds, lizards, amphibians and fish, and it hunts or ambushes prey at night or in the early morning.1

Western diamondback rattlesnake的照片 — Western diamondback rattlesnake。照片：Sam Kieschnick。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Usually khaki in colour, though it may also be pinkish, brick red, yellowish blonde or white.1
A row of 23 to 45 brown or dark umber blotches runs along the back, becoming diamond-shaped towards the middle of the body.1
The tail has two to eight black bands, usually four to six, separated by white or grey.1
A grey or umber stripe runs diagonally from the eye across the side of the head, usually edged below by a white stripe.1

常被误认为： The Mojave rattlesnake also has banded tail rings, but its black rings are narrow compared with the pale ones. The timber rattlesnake has no tail rings, and the black-tailed rattlesnake has a uniform black tail or indistinct rings.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is mainly hemotoxic, which means it mainly damages blood vessels, blood cells and the heart. It contains enzymes that break down tissue, along with cytotoxins and myotoxins that destroy cells and muscle. Local effects include pain, heavy internal bleeding, severe swelling, muscle damage, bruising, blistering and tissue death, and general effects may include headache, nausea and vomiting.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

It is thought to be responsible for most snakebite deaths in northern Mexico and for the greatest number of snakebites in the United States. It can deliver a large amount of venom in one bite.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened it usually coils and rattles to warn off attackers, and it is unusually willing to stand its ground. If rattling does not work, it will strike.1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 1.5 只家猫一样重

和 4 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 12 根香蕉首尾相接一样长差不多和一只家猫一样重92 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Western diamondback rattlesnake和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Western diamondback rattlesnake 约 3.9 公里/小时 (2.4 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

It can go up to two years without food in the wild. In a starvation study, snakes cut their energy use by an average of 80% and still grew, as they put resources into muscle and bone.1

A juvenile was once found dead after trying to swallow a horned lizard, whose horns punctured its gullet.1

It is likely the second largest rattlesnake species, behind only its close relative the eastern diamondback rattlesnake.1

It is one of the few snake species that scavenges for food.1

Among rattlesnakes, it may be the most adaptable to towns and suburbs, and it thrives deep within developed areas.1

It is an important predator of small rodents, rabbits and birds, and it is itself eaten by coyotes, foxes, hawks and owls.1