第 0968 号，共 1 402 张

Eastern yellowjacket

Vespula maculifrons

名字的由来： The scientific name maculifrons comes from Latin words meaning spot (macula) and forehead (frons), for the spots on its head.1

只是会疼会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

蜜蜂、胡蜂和大黄蜂

蜇伤吃：什么都来一点

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

The eastern yellowjacket is a black and yellow wasp that lives in eastern North America. It builds paper nests, many of them underground, and lives in large family groups called colonies. People often meet it around recreational areas and buildings, and it can give a painful sting if its nest is threatened.1

生活在

Eastern North America, extending west as far as the Great Plains1

北美洲

首页

Most nests are underground and not deep, usually covered by less than 50 mm of soil. Nests are also found in hardwood forests, on creek banks, in urban and suburban areas, and in sheltered places such as tree stumps and attics. Because nests are so often found in recreational and residential areas, it is considered a pest.1

长度

1.3 cm到1.6 cm (0.5 in到0.6 in)1

体重

40 mg (0 oz)1

最高速度

约 23 公里/小时（14 英里/小时）

飞行, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is a polyphagous species, meaning it feeds on a variety of foods. Foraging workers can learn smells, which helps them find food.1

Eastern yellowjacket的照片 — Eastern yellowjacket。照片：Judy Gallagher。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Black and yellow lines on the head, thorax and abdomen1
Length of about 12.7 to 15.9 mm1
Spots on the head, which give the species its scientific name1
Queens have one flared black line nearest the thorax, followed by thinner black lines, with two black dots between each line1

常被误认为： It can be told apart from other wasp species by its smaller size and its abdominal pattern. Other yellowjacket species are also black and yellow, and in most areas where it lives, this is the most common yellowjacket species.1

毒液之力

蜇伤

毒液通过蜇刺出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its sting is painful. Wasps, bees, ants and sawflies (the order Hymenoptera) are the leading cause of anaphylaxis in humans, a severe allergic reaction. These reactions are usually triggered by proteins in the venom. Peptides called vespulakinins were first found in this species and are insecticidal, meaning they kill insects.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

It is known to inflict painful stings and defends its nest aggressively. Its nests are often treated as a pest because they are found so often in recreational and residential areas.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened, workers release an alarm pheromone that calls others to attack. Wasps near the nest entrance circle in a zigzag pattern and fly straight at the target.1

如果它蜇人

刮掉蜜蜂的蜇针，冷敷患处。
如果这个人呼吸困难、脸或喉咙肿胀，或感觉要晕倒，这是过敏急症：拨打急救电话，如果他们有肾上腺素笔就使用。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它蜇了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

比一个回形针还轻

比你的小指还短轻到放在手上你都感觉不到16 秒就能飞过一整个足球场

Eastern yellowjacket和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只家蝇 约 7 公里/小时 (4.4 mph)

Eastern yellowjacket 约 23 公里/小时 (14 mph)

一个全力冲刺的人 约 37 公里/小时 (23 mph)

值得了解

事实

A large nest can have 10,000 to 15,000 cells, and about a third of them are queen cells.1

The nest envelope is made from chewed, decaying wood mixed with saliva, which makes it fragile.1

The species is a host for a social parasite, Vespula squamosa, which can take over its nests.1

Males gather in groups around prominent trees and bushes, where they patrol and wait for queens.1

Queens can mate with several males, and both queens and males can mate more than once.1

给毒液专家

学名: Vespula maculifrons
类别: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和大黄蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: A queen founds a new colony in spring by laying eggs in the first cells. The eggs hatch into workers, which then build and enlarge the nest.1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3