第 0619 号，共 1 402 张

Mexican beaded lizard

Heloderma horridum

名字的由来： The genus name Heloderma means "studded skin" in Ancient Greek, and the species name horridum is Latin for "rough" or "rude".1

需要看医生很少致命，但被咬了要去看医生。

有毒的蜥蜴

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The Mexican beaded lizard is a venomous lizard found mainly in Mexico and southern Guatemala. It is one of only a few lizards known to have evolved a true venom delivery system. Its venom is also being studied for possible medicines.1

生活在

Mexico, from Sonora to Oaxaca, and parts of southern Guatemala (the Pacific and Atlantic drainages).1

北美洲

首页

It lives mainly in deserts, tropical deciduous forests and thorn scrub, and also in pine-oak forests, from sea level up to 1,500 m. In the wild it is active only from April to mid-November, spending about an hour a day above ground.1

长度

57 cm到91 cm (1.9 ft到3 ft)1

体重

4 kg (8.8 lb)1

最高速度

约 2.5 公里/小时（1.6 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is a specialised nest predator that feeds mainly on bird and reptile eggs. It climbs deciduous trees to search for prey and sometimes eats small birds, mammals, frogs, lizards and insects.1

Mexican beaded lizard的照片 — Mexican beaded lizard。照片：Francisco Farriols Sarabia。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Black with yellowish spots or bands.1
Small, beadlike scales that do not overlap, which give it its name.1
Stocky body with a broad head.1
Short tail that stores fat, and does not regrow if broken.1
Adults are 57 to 91 cm long.1

常被误认为： The Gila monster is its closest relative and looks similar. The Mexican beaded lizard is larger, and its colours are duller, black with yellowish bands.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is a weak hemotoxin, meaning it attacks blood and tissue. It can cause respiratory failure, which is when breathing fails. In humans, bites cause severe pain that can spread well beyond the bite and last up to 24 hours, along with swelling, weakness, sweating and a rapid drop in blood pressure.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

Human deaths from its bites are rare. Eight human bites were documented in the past century, and almost all happened when people prodded captive lizards with a finger or bare foot.1

如果它咬人

清洗伤口，让人保持冷静并就医。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 1 只家猫一样重

和 2 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 5 根香蕉首尾相接一样长差不多和一只家猫一样重140 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Mexican beaded lizard和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Mexican beaded lizard 约 2.5 公里/小时 (1.6 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

It is one of only two venomous beaded lizard species, and the only lizards known to have evolved an overt venom delivery system, along with the rest of its genus.1

Some compounds in its venom are being studied for possible treatments of diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and HIV. One of them, exendin-3, is the basis of the drug exenatide.1

The beaded lizard is immune to the effects of its own venom.1

It is larger than the Gila monster, with an average adult weight of 800 g, and large specimens exceed 2,000 g.1

Beaded lizards have forked pink tongues that they use to smell, with the help of a Jacobson's organ.1

Young beaded lizards are rarely seen, as they are believed to spend much of their early lives underground.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： The beaded lizard is more venomous than a rattlesnake, can cause lightning strikes with its tail, or can make a pregnant woman miscarry by looking at her.

真相： These beliefs are incorrect. Its venom is weak, and human deaths are rare.1

给毒液专家

学名: Heloderma horridum
类别: 有毒的蜥蜴
家人: Helodermatidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: It lays clutches of 2 to 30 eggs in late summer or early fall, and the eggs hatch the following spring or summer.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Threatened (Mexican law, category A). Listed on Appendix II of CITES.1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3