第 1324 号，共 1 402 张

Phantasmal poison frog

Epipedobates tricolor

名字的由来： The name 'phantasmal' refers to the frog's ghostly-looking patterns of stripes and blotches, and 'poison-arrow' or 'poison dart' refers to the poison in its skin.1

只是会疼不要触摸会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈

皮肤里有毒吃：昆虫碰了或吃了有毒，不注射毒液

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

The phantasmal poison frog is a small, brightly coloured frog that lives only in a few places in central Ecuador. Its skin produces one of the most powerful natural poisons known, which scientists are studying for medicine. It is a rare animal, and its numbers are falling.1

有毒还是有毒液？有毒液的动物通过咬或蜇注入毒液。有毒的动物是碰了或吃了会受害。这一种是碰了或吃了有害的。

生活在

Central Ecuador, on the Andean slopes of Bolívar Province1

南美洲

首页

It lives in the leaf litter on the forest floor, especially near streams and in inland wetlands. It is also found in banana and cacao plantations and in pastures near streams.1

长度

2.3 cm (0.9 in)1

最高速度

约 3.4 公里/小时（2.1 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats insects, including ants, termites and beetles, in its Andean habitat.1

Phantasmal poison frog的照片 — Phantasmal poison frog。照片：Ruben Undheim。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Body colour ranges from dark brown to dark red or black.1
Has two or three bright orange, bright yellow or light green stripes running along the back, from the head to the rear. The stripes can be straight or flame-shaped.1
Blotches or spots on the limbs and parts of the back match the colour of the stripes.1
Has distinct red or orange markings on the hind areas.1
Small, at about 2.3 cm from snout to vent (the base of the body).1

常被误认为： It is often confused with Epipedobates anthonyi, which has similar colours and calls. The first finger of E. anthonyi is longer than its second finger, while this frog's is not. E. anthonyi is also brick red to bright red, with cream or light-yellow stripes running from the head to the hips.1

毒力

皮肤里有毒

它的皮肤有毒。摸、舔或吃都很危险。

它的毒会造成什么？

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. It makes epibatidine, a toxin that its skin glands release as a defence against predators. Epibatidine is studied for its medical value as a painkiller and opioid blocker. Scientists have found it to be hundreds of times stronger than morphine.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

It is one of the most poisonous animals on the planet. One of the substances in its skin is a painkiller hundreds of times stronger than morphine. Its poison is in its skin, so it is harmful to touch or eat.1

它害怕时会做什么？

Its bright colours warn predators that it is highly toxic, and it releases poison from its skin glands.1

如果有人碰了或吃了它

如果有人碰了它：好好洗手，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果孩子或宠物舔了或吃了它：打电话给中毒急救中心或急救电话。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果你碰了或吃了它：不要揉眼睛或嘴巴，洗手并就医。

它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

差不多和一个回形针一样长110 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Phantasmal poison frog和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Phantasmal poison frog 约 3.4 公里/小时 (2.1 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its poison, epibatidine, is over two hundred times as powerful as morphine, according to one study.1

Males are very territorial. They first call to warn off intruders, and if that fails they chase and fight them.1

Males compete for the best perch, forming a hierarchy of dominance.1

The frog is active during the day, though males call most often in the morning.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： That it is the same species as Epipedobates anthonyi.

真相： It is a separate species. The two were only formally distinguished in a 2004 study, though they look and sound alike.1

给毒液专家

学名: Epipedobates tricolor
类别: 毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈
家人: Dendrobatidae2
排序: Anura
大洲: 南美洲
宝宝: Eggs are laid in leaf litter, with clutches of around 10 eggs. The males guard the eggs and later carry the tadpoles on their backs to water, where they can develop safely.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Vulnerable1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3