第 1349 号，共 1 402 张

Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium

只是会疼不要触摸会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

皮肤里有毒吃：肉碰了或吃了有毒，不注射毒液

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

有毒还是有毒液？有毒液的动物通过咬或蜇注入毒液。有毒的动物是碰了或吃了会受害。这一种是碰了或吃了有害的。

生活在

Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1

南美洲

首页

It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1

长度

1.2 cm到2 cm (0.5 in到0.8 in)1

最高速度

约 2 公里/小时（1.2 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1

Pumpkin toadlet的照片 — Pumpkin toadlet。照片：Carlos Otávio Gussoni。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
Females tend to be larger than males.1

常被误认为： It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

毒力

皮肤里有毒

它的皮肤有毒。摸、舔或吃都很危险。

它的毒会造成什么？

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

它害怕时会做什么？

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

如果有人碰了或吃了它

如果有人碰了它：好好洗手，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果孩子或宠物舔了或吃了它：打电话给中毒急救中心或急救电话。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果你碰了或吃了它：不要揉眼睛或嘴巴，洗手并就医。

它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

比你的小指还短180 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Pumpkin toadlet和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Pumpkin toadlet 约 2 公里/小时 (1.2 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

真相： Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

给毒液专家

学名: Brachycephalus ephippium
类别: 毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈
家人: Brachycephalidae2
排序: Anura
大洲: 南美洲
宝宝: It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Not considered threatened1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3