第 1175 号，共 1 402 张

Estuarine stonefish

Synanceia horrida

名字的由来： The specific name horrida means "dreadful" or "frightful" and refers to its appearance rather than its venomous spines.1

可致命不要触摸不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它的刺扎到你，赶快求助。

有毒的鱼

有毒的刺吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The estuarine stonefish is a fish that looks like a stone lying on the seabed. It lives in shallow reefs and estuaries across the Indo-Pacific, including northern Australia. It is considered one of the most dangerous venomous fish in the world, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

生活在

Indo-Pacific region, from eastern India to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan and south to Australia1

印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 安达曼海, 帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉湾

首页

Found on sheltered inshore reefs and in estuaries, usually in the shallowest water among coral rubble and rocks on reef flats, and in seagrass beds. It can survive out of the water for up to 24 hours.1

长度

60 cm (2 ft)1

最高速度

约 2 公里/小时（1.2 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is a nocturnal ambush predator that eats smaller fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. It waits until prey swims close enough, then sucks it in through its large mouth.1

Estuarine stonefish的照片 — Estuarine stonefish。照片：Dan Schofield。 CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Drab brownish-grey, reddish or greenish-brown colour1
Skin has no scales and is covered in warts, often with filamentous algae growing on it1
Head is flattened, with small eyes set high and pointing upwards, and a deep pit behind and under each eye1
Large, almost vertical mouth with fringing cirri on the lips1
Camouflaged to look like a stone resting on the bottom; it has no bright warning colours1
Grows to a maximum of 60 cm1

毒液之力

有毒的刺

锋利的刺带着毒液。踩到或抓住它会很疼。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Each fin spine has two venom-producing glands. The venom affects the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. The sting is extremely painful and has been known to be lethal.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

It is considered one of the most dangerous venomous fishes. Stings are extremely painful and have been known to be fatal. Since European settlement, there have been no recorded deaths in Australia from stonefish venom, but deaths have been recorded elsewhere in its range.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

When disturbed, it erects its venomous spines, which inject venom if the fish is stepped on.1

如果它的刺扎到你

Antivenom can be given after envenomation. Immersing the sting wound in hot water can be used to denature the venom.1
把伤口泡在热水里，水温以不烫伤为限、尽量热（先用你自己的手试一试），泡 30 到 90 分钟。去看医生，尤其是被石头鱼和魟鱼伤到时。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础