第 1243 号，共 1 402 张

Short-tail stingray

Bathytoshia brevicaudata

名字的由来： The scientific name Bathytoshia brevicaudata comes from the Latin words brevis (short) and cauda (tail), which refer to its short tail.1

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它蜇了你，赶快求助。

有毒的鱼

蜇伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The short-tail stingray is one of the largest stingrays in the world. It lives in temperate seas off southern Africa, southern Australia and New Zealand, mostly on or near the sea floor. It is not aggressive, but its long venomous sting can cause a serious wound if the ray is startled.1

生活在

Temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere: southern Africa, southern Australia, including Tasmania, and New Zealand1

印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海

首页

It lives on the bottom in estuaries, sheltered bays, sandy flats, rocky reefs and the outer continental shelf, and sometimes swims up into open water. Off southern Africa it is usually found offshore, at depths of 180 to 480 m. Off Australia and New Zealand it can be found from the intertidal zone down to 156 m. At Hamelin Bay in Western Australia, many rays gather where visitors hand-feed them fish scraps.1

长度

4.3 m (14 ft)1

体重

350 kg (772 lb)1

最高速度

约 30 公里/小时（19 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats bony fishes and invertebrates such as molluscs and crustaceans, including burrowing species. It finds buried bivalves and spoon worms by detecting the tiny water jets they produce, then sucks them out of the sediment. It also eats open-water animals such as salps and hyperiid amphipods.1

Short-tail stingray的照片 — Short-tail stingray。照片：Alpha from Melbourne, Australia。 CC BY-SA 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Diamond-shaped, heavy disc that is smooth, with no scales (dermal denticles) on the disc even in adults1
Plain grey-brown back, darkening towards the tail and above the eyes, with a line of white pores on either side of the head1
Whitish underside, darkening towards the edges of the fins1
Tail usually shorter than the disc, thick at the base, with one or two serrated stinging spines about halfway along it1
Adults have a row of large, spear-like thorns in front of the sting1

常被误认为： The pitted stingray (Dasyatis matsubarai) of the northwestern Pacific looks similar but is smaller. Records of this species from northern Australia and Thailand are thought to be other rays that were misidentified.1

毒液之力

蜇伤

毒液通过蜇刺出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its sting is venomous. The mucous sheath covering the sting contains a toxin that causes necrosis, which means the death of body tissue. The most dangerous injuries involve damage to a vital organ, heavy blood loss, or secondary infection (sepsis) or tetanus.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The short-tail stingray is not aggressive, but if startled or harassed it can inflict a serious and even fatal wound. Its sting can be over 30 cm long and can penetrate most footwear, including kevlar bootees. It is responsible for most stingray injuries off New Zealand, including the death of Australian naturalist Steve Irwin, who was pierced in the chest by its barbed tail.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened, it raises its tail over its back like a scorpion, and a startled ray can leap through the water and strike with its tail.1

如果它蜇人

把伤口泡在热水里，水温以不烫伤为限、尽量热（先用你自己的手试一试），泡 30 到 90 分钟。去看医生，尤其是被石头鱼和魟鱼伤到时。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它蜇了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲太平洋印度洋珊瑚海

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 18 只狗一样重

和 4 只狗鼻子接尾巴一样长和 24 根香蕉首尾相接一样长6 秒就能游完一个大泳池（50 米）

Short-tail stingray和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一名奥运游泳选手 约 8 公里/小时 (5 mph)

Short-tail stingray 约 30 公里/小时 (19 mph)

一只全速游的海豚 约 35 公里/小时 (22 mph)

值得了解

事实

It can flap its pectoral fins with enough force to make a loud audible 'bang' in the water, although it is usually slow-moving.1

It is one of the largest stingrays in the world, and reliable observers off New Zealand have reported individuals almost 3 m across.1

Captive experiments suggest it can detect magnetic fields, which may help it navigate.1

Every summer, large groups gather under the rocky archways of the Poor Knights Islands off New Zealand, where both mating and birthing have been seen.1

Captive females have been observed mating with up to three different males in succession.1

给毒液专家

学名: Bathytoshia brevicaudata
类别: 有毒的鱼
家人: Dasyatidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
大洲: 印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 海洋
宝宝: It gives birth to live young. Females usually have litters of 6 to 10 pups in summer, and newborns measure 32 to 36 cm across.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least Concern (IUCN)1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3