第 1239 号，共 1 402 张

Common stingray

Dasyatis pastinaca

名字的由来： Ancient Greeks called it trygon and Romans called it pastinaca. An old British name, 'fire-flare', may refer to the reddish colour of its meat.1

需要看医生很少致命，但被蜇了要去看医生。

有毒的鱼

蜇伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 严重被蜇了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The common stingray is a flat, diamond-shaped ray that lives on sandy or muddy seabeds in shallow coastal waters. It is found in the northeastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It has a venomous spine on its tail, which can give a very painful sting.1

生活在

Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea1

大西洋, 地中海, 北海

首页

It usually lives on sandy or muddy bottoms in calm coastal water, usually shallower than 60 m. It often buries itself in the sediment, and is sometimes found near rocky reefs or in estuaries.1

长度

2.5 m (8.2 ft)1

最高速度

约 19 公里/小时（12 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It feeds on bottom-dwelling animals such as crustaceans, molluscs, polychaete worms and small bony fishes. It can do great damage to cultured shellfish beds.1

Common stingray的照片 — Common stingray。照片：Florin DUMITRESCU。 Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc that is slightly wider than it is long1
Plain colour: solid grey, brown, reddish or olive-green above, and whitish below with dark fin edges1
Mostly smooth skin; the largest individuals have a row of bony knobs along the middle of the back1
Slender, whip-like tail with a serrated venomous spine about a third of the way along it1

常被误认为： The blue stingray of southern Africa was once thought to be a variant of this species, but it is a separate species. The common stingray lacks the blue markings of the blue stingray. Tortonese's stingray of the Mediterranean is similar, and the difference between the two is poorly understood.1

毒液之力

蜇伤

毒液通过蜇刺出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom comes from a gland at the base of a serrated tail spine. A sting causes an excruciatingly painful wound. It is rarely life-threatening.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被蜇了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The common stingray is not aggressive, but it can inflict a very painful wound with its tail spine. The wound is rarely life-threatening.1

如果它蜇人

把伤口泡在热水里，水温以不烫伤为限、尽量热（先用你自己的手试一试），泡 30 到 90 分钟。去看医生，尤其是被石头鱼和魟鱼伤到时。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它蜇了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲大西洋地中海北海

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 2.5 只狗鼻子接尾巴一样长和 14 根香蕉首尾相接一样长9.5 秒就能游完一个大泳池（50 米）

Common stingray和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一名奥运游泳选手 约 8 公里/小时 (5 mph)

Common stingray 约 19 公里/小时 (12 mph)

一只全速游的海豚 约 35 公里/小时 (22 mph)

值得了解

事实

The tail spine is replaced regularly, and a second or even third spine may be growing in behind the first.1

The largest recorded specimen was found in 2016 in İzmir Province, Turkey, with fins measuring 2.21 m across.1

Welsh fishermen once used its liver oil to treat burns and other injuries, and its liver is a delicacy in French cuisine.1

The oldest known wild individual was ten years old, but the species has lived up to 21 years in captivity.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： The stingray's spine could kill trees, pierce armour like an arrow, corrode iron and even dissolve stone, as some ancient writers claimed.

真相： The common stingray's wound is painful but rarely life-threatening. These ancient claims about its spine were legends.1

给毒液专家

学名: Dasyatis pastinaca
类别: 有毒的鱼
家人: Dasyatidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
大洲: 大西洋, 地中海, 北海, 海洋
宝宝: It is aplacental viviparous, meaning it gives birth to live young. Females bear 4–9 young twice a year in shallow inshore water, after a gestation period of four months.1
寿命: 约 21 年1
它在野外过得怎么样: Vulnerable1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3