Venom Wiki / Zonke izilwane / Izinyoka zase-Australia

Inombolo 0172 kwezingu-1 402

Inyoka yehlosi

Notechis scutatus

Mayelana negama: Ibizwa ngemigqa yayo emnyama nephuzi, efana nemigqa yehlosi.1

KuyabulalaEsinye sezilwane ezibulala kakhulu eMhlabeni. Uma sikuluma, biza usizo khona manjalo.Usizo olusheshayo ne-antivenom kusindisa abantu abaningi. Shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo khona manjalo.

Izinyoka zase-Australia

UkulumaSidla: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: KuyabulalaEsinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni.

Inyoka yehlosi yinyoka enkulu enobuthi obunamandla kakhulu. Ihlala eningizimu ye-Australia, kuhlanganise neziqhingi ezisogwini kanye ne-Tasmania. Igama layo livela emibaleni yayo emnyama nephuzi efana nemigqa yehlosi, nakuba imibala yayo yehluka kakhulu. Ukuluma kwayo kungabulala, ngakho ingenye yezinyoka abantu base-Australia abafundiswa ukuzihlonipha nokuzibona.1

Ihlala

Eningizimu ye-Australia, kuhlanganise neziqhingi ezisogwini kanye ne-Tasmania1

I-Australia ne-Oceania

Ekhaya

Izinyoka zehlosi zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini. Zithanda amaxhaphozi, imifudlana, amadamu nezinye izindawo eziseduze nemifula. Ezindaweni zokufuya (amapulazi) zicasha eduze kwamanzi angomi. Imvamisa zihlala phansi, kodwa ziyakwazi ukubhukuda nokukhwela ezihlahleni nasezakhiweni.1

Ubude

90 cm kuya ku-2 m (3 ft kuya ku-6.6 ft)1

Inyoka yehlosi evamile ngokwesilinganiso ingama-cm angu-90 ubude, ubude obukhulu bucishe bube ngama-cm angu-120, futhi kwake kwabhalwa eyayingama-cm angu-200. Izinyoka zehlosi zase-Chappell Island ngokwesilinganiso zicishe zibe ngama-cm angu-190.

Ijubane eliphezulu

cishe 7.3 km/h (4.5 mph)

Emhlabathini, isiqagela nje

Sidlani?

Izinyoka zehlosi zisebenzisa ubuthi bazo ukubulala izilwane eziyizisulu zazo. Izinyoka zaseziqhingini ziye zavela amakhanda amakhulu ukuze zikwazi ukudla izilwane ezinkulu.1

Isithombe sika-Inyoka yehlosi — Inyoka yehlosi. Isithombe: Max Tibby. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusibona

Inemigqa emnyama ngokwedlulele engase ibonakale kakhulu noma ifiphale, ngemibala esukela kokukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama kakhulu.1
Umbala oyisisekelo ungaba luhlaza okomnqumo, uphuzi, onsundu ngokuwolintshi noma omnyama khwishi. Ngaphansi kunombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo noma owolintshi.1
Kwezinye izindawo kukhona izinyoka ezingenayo imigqa, ngakho imigqa yodwa ayiyona indlela eqinisekile yokuyibona.1
Ivamise ukuba yinde ngamamitha angaba ngu-1,2, inomzimba oqinile nekhanda eliyisicaba ngaphambili.1

Ivamise ukudidaniswa ne: Umbala awuyona indlela ethembekile yokwehlukanisa izinyoka zehlosi, ngisho naphakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zazo. Ukuyibona ngokunembile kungcono kwenziwe uchwepheshe esebenzisa ikhithi yokuhlola ubuthi noma ngokubala izamba zayo.1

Amandla obuthi

Ukuluma

Ubuthi buphuma ngamazinyo aso obuthi noma ngamazinyo uma siluma.

Ubuthi baso benzani?

Ubuthi benyoka yehlosi bunama-neurotoxin anamandla (ahlasela izinzwa), ama-coagulant (athinta ukujiya kwegazi), ama-haemolysin (aqhekeza amangqamuzana egazi) nama-myotoxin (alimaza imisipha). Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka ubuhlungu endaweni ethile onyaweni nasentanyeni, ukuthunyelwa, ukuba ndikindiki nokujuluka. Ngemva kwalokho kungalandela ngokushesha ukuphefumula kanzima nokukhubazeka.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: KuyabulalaEsinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni.

Phakathi kuka-2005 no-2015, izinyoka zehlosi zabangela u-17% wabantu abalunywe yinyoka e-Australia lapho inyoka yaziwa khona. Kwafa abantu abane kwabangu-119 okwaqinisekiswa ukuthi bangenwa wubuthi. Zingabulala abantu. E-Australia, yinyoka ensundu kuphela ebulala abantu abaningi kunayo. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwabika ukuthi uma kungelashwa, kufa u-40% kuya ku-60% wabalunyiwe.1

Izindaba ezinhle: odokotela banomuthi (i-antivenom) noma indlela yokwelapha lokhu.1

Senzani uma sesabile?

Uma isongelwa, inyoka iyayicaba umzimba wayo bese iphakamisa ikhanda layo ngaphezu komhlabathi, ime ngendlela evamile yokulungela ukuhlasela.1

Uma siluma

Sebenzisa indlela yokucindezela nokunganyakazisi. Bopha amabhandeshi abanzi naqinile phezu kwendawo elunyiwe, bese uqhubeka wehla futhi ubuye ukhuphuke ngomlenze noma ngengalo kuze kufike emkhwapheni noma emathangeni. Ungavumeli isitho sinyakaze ngokusibophela ngesipelinti. E-Tasmania akudingeki ukuthi inyoka yaziwe, ngoba umuthi ofanayo wokulwa nobuthi welapha ukulunywa yizo zonke izinyoka zase-Tasmania.1
Ukubopha ngokucindezela nokuvimba ukunyakaza (pressure immobilisation): bopha ibhandeshi elinwebekayo eliqinile phezu kwenxeba bese ukhuphuka nesitho sonke, usiqinise nge-splint, futhi ugcine umuntu engashukumi nhlobo kuze kufike usizo.
Ungaligezi inxeba lokulunywa: izibhedlela zingahlola ubuthi obusele esikhumbeni ukuze zikhethe i-antivenom efanele.

Njalo shayela kuqala inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911). Lokhu kuyiseluleko sosizo lokuqala esijwayelekile, akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha. Izisekelo zosizo lokuqala

Hlala uphephile

Ungalokothi uthinte, ubambe noma ugcone isilwane sasendle, ngisho noma sincane, futhi ngisho noma sibukeka silele noma sifile.
Sinike isikhala. Uma uhlangana naso, hlala uzolile, uhlehle kancane bese usiyeka sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Uma sikuluma: hlala uzolile, ungashukumi, shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911) noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi besibukeka kanjani, isithombe siyasiza.

Asikuzingeli wena. Sisebenzisa ubuthi baso ukuze sibambe ukudla noma ukuzivikela, futhi singancamela ukucasha. Okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlala uphephile

Kuphi emhlabeni?

I-Afrika I-Asia I-Yurophu INyakatho Melika INingizimu Melika I-Australia ne-Oceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

side njengamakati asekhaya angu-4 kusuka ekhaleni kuya emsileniside njengobhanana abangu-11 abalandelanayosingahamba amamitha ali-100 ngemizuzwana engu-49 (umuntu oshesha kunabo bonke udinga engu-9,6)

Inyoka yehlosi mkhulu kangakanani uma uqhathanisa NAWE?

Yizibalo nje kusiphequluli sakho. Akukho okulondolozwayo noma okuthunyelwa ndawo.

Sishesha kangakanani?

Umuntu ohambayo cishe 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

Inyoka yehlosi cishe 7.3 km/h (4.5 mph)

Ingane egibele ibhayisikili cishe 12 km/h (7.5 mph)

kuhle ukwazi

Amaqiniso

Inyoka ikhipha ubuthi obungamamilligramu angu-35 kuya ku-65, kanti umthamo obulala umuntu ungamamilligramu angu-3.1

Inyoka yehlosi yase-Chappell Island iyisiqhwaga salolu hlobo, ngokwesilinganiso ingaphezu kwamafidi angu-6 (cishe amamitha angu-1,9) ubude.1

Izinyoka zehlosi zingatholakala zibhukuda, zikhwela ezihlahleni futhi zingena ezakhiweni.1

Izinyoka zehlosi zivikelwe ngumthetho ezifundazweni eziningi zase-Australia, futhi ukubulala noma ukulimaza eyodwa kungaholela enhlawulweni efika ku-A$7 500.1

Izinyoka zehlosi ziyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi zingase zisebenze ebusuku obufudumele.1

Izinyoka zehlosi zase-Tasmania zivame ukuthula, mhlawumbe ngoba zihlala ezindaweni ezipholile.1

Umqothuli wezinganekwane

Inganekwane: Ungabona uhlobo lwenyoka yehlosi ngombala wayo.

Iqiniso: Umbala wehluka kakhulu kuye ngenyoka nangezinkathi zonyaka, ngakho awuyona indlela ethembekile yokubona inyoka. Ikhithi yokuhlola ubuthi noma ukubala izamba kunemba kakhudlwana.1

Okongoti bobuthi

Igama lesayensi: Notechis scutatus
Iqembu: Izinyoka zase-Australia
Umndeni: Elapidae2
Ukuhleleka: Squamata
Amazwekazi: I-Australia ne-Oceania
Izinsana: Izinyoka zehlosi zizala amaphuzu esephila, ngokuvamile angu-20 kuya ku-30 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kwake kwabhalwa owesifazane wasempumalanga owazala angu-64, okuyinto engavamile neze.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 5 / 5: Kuyabulala3

Lapho amaqiniso evela khona

Tiger snake (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Notechis scutatus (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa ngezigaba.
Venom Wiki: izinga lengozi, usayizi ojwayelekile nesiqagela sejubane kungokwethu. Bona ukuthi sikubala kanjani: Indlela esilinganisa ngayo ingozi.

Iqiniso ngalinye kuleli khasi linenombolo ekhomba umthombo walo. Uma senze iphutha, uxolo, singabathandi bezilwane, hhayi iphephabhuku lesayensi. Sitshele ku-[email protected] futhi sizolilungisa.

Ufezela ulambile! I-Venom Wiki iwumsebenzi womuntu oyedwa: imahhala, ayinazo izikhangiso noma izilandeli. Isipho esincane sisiza ukuyigcina ku-inthanethi.Phakela ufezela