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Alpine salamander

Salamandra atra

Gbasara aha ya: The species name atra comes from the Latin ater, meaning dull black.1

Adịghị njọỌ dịghị njọ nye mmadụ. Ọ dịghị ihe ị ga-echegbu onwe gị.

Awọ nsị, awọ ala na newt

Nsị n'akpụkpọ ahụ yaNri ya: AnụNwere nsị n'ahụ, ọ naghị agba nsị

Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ: ObereDị ka ịgba aṅụ ma ọ bụ nke na-erughị ya. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịdị njọ nye mmadụ.

The alpine salamander is a dark, slow-moving amphibian that lives high in the mountains of Europe. It spends its whole life on land, sheltering under stones, logs and in rock crevices. It produces toxic compounds from its skin, which help protect it from predators.1

Nwere nsị n'ahụ ka ọ na-agba nsị? Anụmanụ na-agba nsị na-agbanye nsị site n'ịta ma ọ bụ ịgba. Anụmanụ nwere nsị n'ahụ na-emerụ ahụ ma e metụ ha aka ma ọ bụ rie ha. Nke a nwere nsị n'ahụ.

Ebe obibi

Alps and mountains of Europe: France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina1

Yurop

Ụlọ

Alpine salamanders live on land in forests and mountain meadows, usually above 700 metres. They shelter under stones or logs, or in rocky crevices, and they favour forests of silver fir, beech and spruce.1

Ogologo

14 cm ruo 15 cm (5.7 in ruo 5.9 in)1

Ọsọ kacha elu

ihe dị ka 0.5 km/h (0.31 mph)

N'elu ala, nchepụta

Gịnị ka ọ na-eri?

Alpine salamanders eat small invertebrates such as beetles, snails, millipedes and spiders. Beetles and snails make up the most important part of their diet, and they tend to choose larger prey.1

Foto Alpine salamander — Alpine salamander. Foto: Aah-Yeah. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Otú ị ga-esi mata ya

Usually small and dark brown or black1
Some forms have yellow, golden or white spots or marks on the back and head1
Males have swollen, visible cloacae and are slimmer than females1
Elongated head shape, with glands behind and beside the eyes1
Between 11 and 13 grooves along each side of the body, and a double row of glands down the back1

A na-agwakọkarị ya na: Lanza's alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai) is a similar species that lives in one small area of the western Alps. The Corsican fire salamander (Salamandra corsica) is the alpine salamander's closest related species.1

Ike nsị

Nsị n'akpụkpọ ahụ ya

Akpụkpọ ahụ ya nwere nsị. Ọ dị egwu imetụ ya aka, iracha ya ma ọ bụ iri ya.

Gịnị ka nsị dị n'ahụ ya na-eme?

Alpine salamanders produce toxic compounds from their skin. These compounds may protect them from predators and from microbes.1

Kedu otú o si dị egwu nye mmadụ?

Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ: ObereDị ka ịgba aṅụ ma ọ bụ nke na-erughị ya. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịdị njọ nye mmadụ.

Gịnị ka ọ na-eme mgbe ụjọ tụrụ ya?

Their yellow markings are thought to be a warning colour that deters predators, and the pure black colouring may also warn some predators off.1

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ metụrụ ya aka ma ọ bụ rie ya

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ metụrụ otu aka: saa aka nke ọma, emetụkwala anya ma ọ bụ ọnụ aka. Ọ bụrụ na nwatakịrị ma ọ bụ anụ ụlọ rachara otu ma ọ bụ rie ya: kpọọ ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ nsị (poison centre) ma ọ bụ nọmba mberede gị.

Na-ebu ụzọ kpọọ nọmba mberede gị mgbe niile (112, 000, 911). Nke a bụ ndụmọdụ enyemaka mbụ n'ozuzu, ọ bụghị ndụmọdụ ọgwụ. Isi ihe enyemaka mbụ

Nọrọ na nchekwa

Emetụla anụ ọhịa aka, ejidela ya, emekwala ya ihe ọjọọ, ọbụna obere, ọbụna ma ọ dị ka ọ na-ehi ụra ma ọ bụ nwụọ anwụ.
Nye ya ohere. Ọ bụrụ na ị zutere otu, dị jụụ, laghachi azụ nwayọ, hapụ ya ka ọ gaa ụzọ ya.
Ọ bụrụ na i metụrụ ya aka ma ọ bụ rie ya: ehichala anya gị ma ọ bụ ọnụ gị, saa aka gị, chọọkwa enyemaka ọgwụ.

Ọ naghị achụ gị. Nsị ya dị naanị ka ihe ọ bụla ghara iri ya. Ihe ndị ọzọ gbasara ịnọ na nchekwa

Ebee n'ụwa?

Afrịka Eshia Yurop Ugwu Amerika Ndịda Amerika Ọstrelia na Oshenia

Ọ hà aṅaa?

Kedu otú o si dị ogologo?

dị ogologo dị ka blọk egwuregwu 5 n'ahịrị

Kedu otú Alpine salamander si hà ma e jiri ya tụnyere GỊ?

Naanị mgbakọ na mwepụ n'ime browser gị. Ọ dịghị ihe echekwara ma ọ bụ ezigara ebe ọ bụla.

Kedu otú o si agba ọsọ?

Mbe ihe dị ka 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

Alpine salamander ihe dị ka 0.5 km/h (0.31 mph)

Mmadụ na-aga ije ihe dị ka 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

ọ dị mma ịmara

Eziokwu

Alpine salamanders are fully terrestrial, so they never need water to breed. Unlike many salamanders, their young do not develop as larvae in water.1

Young snakes, especially juvenile European adders, are a notable predator. In some locations, alpine salamanders make up just under half of these snakes' diet.1

They mark their territory with faecal pellets. Their scent tells other salamanders whether a pellet was left by a member of the same sex and species, and warns them that the site is already claimed.1

They are very stationary animals. The furthest a tracked individual was seen to travel in one summer was 12 metres.1

Their colour varies a great deal. Some populations are completely black, while others have bright yellow, white or grey spotting.1

Alpine salamanders cannot regulate their own body temperature, so losing a shelter can be extremely costly, and even fatal.1

Maka ndị ọkachamara nsị

Aha sayensị: Salamandra atra
Otu: Awọ nsị, awọ ala na newt
Ezinụlọ: Salamandridae2
Usoro: Caudata
Kọntinent dị iche iche: Yurop
Ụmụ ọhụrụ: They give birth to live young. Their larvae do not develop in water, because the whole life cycle takes place on land.1
Ogologo ndụ: ihe dị ka afọ 101
Otú ọ na-eme n'ọhịa: Least Concern (IUCN Red List), although their numbers are decreasing and the subspecies S. a. aurorae is declining more quickly1
Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ: 1 / 5: Obere3

Ebe eziokwu ndị a si

Alpine salamander (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Salamandra atra (iNaturalist): aha na nhazi ọkwa.
Venom Wiki: ọkwa ihe ize ndụ, nha nkịtị na nchepụta ọsọ bụ nke anyị. Lee otú anyị si achọpụta ha: Otú anyị si atụ ihe ize ndụ.

Eziokwu ọ bụla dị na peeji a nwere nọmba na-egosi ebe o si. Ọ bụrụ na anyị mehiere ihe, ndo, anyị bụ ndị hụrụ anụmanụ n'anya, ọ bụghị akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị. Gwa anyị na [email protected], anyị ga-edozi ya.

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