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Chithunzi chojambula cha Black-necked spitting cobra
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Black-necked spitting cobra

Naja nigricollis
Za dzinali: The scientific name comes from Latin: 'niger' means black and 'collis' means neck. The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra.1
Ingathe kuphaIngathe kukupha ngati sunalandire chithandizo. Ikakuluma kapena kukulavulira ululu m'maso, peza thandizo mwachangu.
Ma cobra, mamba ndi krait Imapopera kapena kulavuliraImadya: Nyama
Ngozi kwa anthu: Yoopsa kwambiriIngathe kupha munthu amene sanalandire chithandizo.

The black-necked spitting cobra is a venomous snake found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. It can squirt venom from its fangs at a threat, and that venom can cause permanent blindness if it gets into the eyes. Its colours vary a lot from place to place.1

Imakhala ku
Mostly sub-Saharan Africa, in western, eastern, central and parts of southern Africa. Absent from the Congo Basin rainforests.1
Africa
Kunyumba
It usually lives in savanna and semi-desert, up to 1,800 metres, and also in moist savanna and cleared former forest, especially near rivers and streams. It is often met in villages and small towns, where it may come into direct contact with people. It hides in tree trunks, termite mounds and rodent holes.1
Kutalika
1,2 m mpaka 2,2 m (3,9 ft mpaka 7,2 ft)1
Liwiro lapamwamba
pafupifupi 7,8 km/h (4,8 mph)
Pamtunda, kuyerekeza chabe
Imadya chiyani?
It feeds mainly on small rodents such as small rats and mice. It also eats birds, fishes, lizards, eggs and other snakes.1
Zoona!Chithunzi cha Black-necked spitting cobra
Black-necked spitting cobra. Chithunzi: Nigel Voaden. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Mmene ungaizindikirire

  • Moderately sized, with a moderately distinct head, and grows to 1.2 to 2.2 metres.1
  • Many specimens have a broad black neck band, often with an orange or pinkish bar on the neck.1
  • Colours vary by region: black or pale grey, yellowish-brown, deep reddish-brown, olive brown, striped black and white, or totally white with dark eyes.1
  • Some have a yellow or reddish belly, while others lack the neck bands and belly colour.1

Mphamvu ya ululu

Imapopera kapena kulavulira

Imapopera kapena kulavulira madzi olasa kwa omwe akuiukira.

Ululu wake umachita chiyani?

Its venom is mostly cytotoxic, meaning it destroys cells, and it also has typical elapid neurotoxic (nerve-attacking) effects and cardiotoxic (heart-damaging) components. A bite causes severe bleeding from the wound, tissue death around the bite, and difficulty breathing. Venom in the eyes causes extreme burning pain, loss of coordination, partial loss of vision, and permanent blindness.1

Ndi yoopsa bwanji kwa anthu?

Ngozi kwa anthu: Yoopsa kwambiriIngathe kupha munthu amene sanalandire chithandizo.

Its venom is medically significant. The death rate for untreated bites is about 5 to 10%, and under 1% in areas where it is common. When death occurs, it is usually from paralysis of the diaphragm, the muscle used for breathing.1

Imachita chiyani ikachita mantha?

It spits venom from its fangs at a threat, reaching up to 7 metres with good accuracy. It also bites readily, even with only slight provocation.1

Ikaluma kapena kulavulira

  • If venom gets into the eyes, it should be washed off, because permanent blindness can follow if it is not. Anyone bitten should get medical treatment, as untreated bites carry a much higher risk of death.1
  • Munthuyo akhale chete ndi wodekha, chotsa mphete ndi zinthu zothina, ndipo mufikitse kuchipatala mwachangu: antivenom ndiye mankhwala ake.
  • Ngati ululu walavuliridwa m'maso, tsuka maso ndi madzi ambiri aukhondo nthawi yomweyo.

Nthawi zonse yamba wayimbira nambala yadzidzidzi (112, 000, 911). Awa ndi malangizo wamba a chithandizo choyamba, osati malangizo a dokotala. Zoyambira za chithandizo choyamba

Khala wotetezeka

  • Usakhudze, kugwira kapena kuseweretsa nyama yakuthengo, ngakhale yaing'ono, ndipo ngakhale ikuoneka ngati yagona kapena yafa.
  • Ipatse malo. Ukakumana nayo, khala chete, bwerera m'mbuyo pang'onopang'ono ndipo uilole ipite njira yake.
  • Ikakuluma kapena kukulavulira ululu m'maso: khala chete, usasunthe, imbira nambala yadzidzidzi (112, 000, 911) kapena pita kuchipatala mwachangu. Kumbukira m'mene inkaonekera, chithunzi chimathandiza.

Sikufuna kukuvulaza. Imagwiritsa ntchito ululu wake kugwira chakudya kapena kudziteteza, ndipo imakonda kwambiri kubisala. Zambiri za kukhala wotetezeka

Kuti padziko lapansi?

AfricaAsiaUlayaAmereka ya KumpotoAmereka ya KumweraAustralia ndi Oceania

Ndi yaikulu bwanji?

Ndi yaitali bwanji?

Black-necked spitting cobra yaitali pafupifupi 2,2 m (7,2 ft)Njinga ya munthu wamkulu pafupifupi 1,8 m (5,9 ft)Galimoto pafupifupi 4,5 m (15 ft)
yaitali ngati amphaka apakhomo 4 mphuno ndi mchira motsatizanayaitali ngati nthochi 12 zoyalidwa motsatizanaingathamange mamita 100 m'masekondi 46 (munthu wothamanga kwambiri amafunika 9.6)

Black-necked spitting cobra ndi yaikulu bwanji poyerekeza ndi IWE?

Ndi masamu chabe mu msakatuli wako. Palibe chomwe chimasungidwa kapena kutumizidwa kwina.

Imathamanga bwanji?

zoyenera kudziwa

Mfundo

1

It can spit venom accurately more than 7 metres away.1

2

In 1944, a British eye surgeon, Major Harold Ridley, described eye damage from a spit from this cobra in Ghana. He treated the man and followed his case until the eye fully recovered.1

3

A single bite can deliver 200 to 350 mg of venom (dry weight), according to a 1974 study by Minton.1

4

It is an excellent tree climber and can live in trees at times.1

5

Wild-caught individuals tend to be nervous and spit readily, while captive-bred animals are much calmer.1

6

It can be active at night or during the day, depending on the season, location and temperature.1

Kuthetsa nthano zabodza

Nthano yabodza: Spitting cobras only spit venom and do not bite.

Zoona: The black-necked spitting cobra also bites, and it will do so with only slight provocation.1

Za akatswiri a ululu

Dzina la sayansi
Naja nigricollis
Gulu
Ma cobra, mamba ndi krait
Banja
Elapidae2
Dongosolo
Squamata
Makontinenti
Africa
Ana akhanda
Females usually lay 10 to 15 eggs, though they can lay between 8 and 22. The young are about 20 to 25 cm long at birth and are fully independent.1
Ngozi kwa anthu
4 / 5: Yoopsa kwambiri3

Kumene mfundo zimachokera

  1. Black-necked spitting cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja nigricollis (iNaturalist): mayina ndi magulu a sayansi.
  3. Venom Wiki: mlingo wa ngozi, kukula wamba ndi kuyerekeza kwa liwiro ndi zathu. Ona mmene timazipezera: Mmene timayezera ngozi.

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