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Njoka ya mizere ngati nyalugwe

Notechis scutatus

Za dzinali: Dzinali limachokera ku mizere yake, imene ndi yakuda ndi yachikasu ngati mizere ya nyalugwe.1

YakuphaImodzi mwa nyama zakupha kwambiri pa Dziko Lapansi. Ikakuluma, itana thandizo nthawi yomweyo.Thandizo lofulumira ndi antivenom zimapulumutsa anthu ambiri. Imbira nambala yadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo.

Njoka za ku Australia

ImalumaImadya: Nyama

Ngozi kwa anthu: YakuphaImodzi mwa nyama zoopsa kwambiri padziko lonse.

Njoka ya mizere ngati nyalugwe ndi njoka yaikulu yaululu wamphamvu kwambiri. Imakhala kum'mwera kwa Australia, kuphatikizapo zilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi Tasmania. Dzina lake limachokera ku mizere yakuda ndi yachikasu imene imaoneka ngati mizere ya nyalugwe. Koma mitundu yake imasiyanasiyana kwambiri. Kuluma kwake kungaphe munthu. Choncho ndi imodzi mwa njoka zimene anthu a ku Australia amaphunzitsidwa kuzilemekeza ndi kuzizindikira.1

Imakhala ku

Kum'mwera kwa Australia, kuphatikizapo zilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi Tasmania1

Australia ndi Oceania

Kunyumba

Njokazi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zimakonda madambo, timitsinje, madamu ndi malo ena pafupi ndi mitsinje. M'madera a ulimi ndi odyetsera ziweto, zimabisala pafupi ndi madzi amene sauma. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi, koma zimatha kusambira komanso kukwera mitengo ndi kulowa m'nyumba.1

Kutalika

90 cm mpaka 2 m (3 ft mpaka 6,6 ft)1

Njoka wamba ya mtundu umenewu imakhala yaitali masentimita 90 pafupifupi, ndipo yaitali kwambiri imafika pafupifupi masentimita 120. Ina inapezeka yaitali masentimita 200. Njoka za pachilumba cha Chappell zimakhala zazitali masentimita 190 pafupifupi.

Liwiro lapamwamba

pafupifupi 7,3 km/h (4,5 mph)

Pamtunda, kuyerekeza chabe

Imadya chiyani?

Njokazi zimagwiritsa ntchito ululu wawo kupha nyama zimene zimadya. Njoka za pazilumba zasintha pakapita nthawi yaitali n'kukhala ndi mitu ikuluikulu kuti zithe kudya nyama zazikulu.1

Chithunzi cha Njoka ya mizere ngati nyalugwe — Njoka ya mizere ngati nyalugwe. Chithunzi: Max Tibby. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

Mmene ungaizindikirire

Ili ndi mizere yakuda kwambiri kuposa thupi. Mizereyo ingaoneke bwino kwambiri kapena mopepuka, ndipo mitundu yake imayambira yopepuka mpaka yakuda kwambiri.1
Mtundu wa thupi ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira ngati azitona, wachikasu, wa lalanje wofiirira kapena wakuda bii. Pansi pa thupi pamakhala pachikasu chopepuka kapena pa lalanje.1
M'magulu ena muli njoka zopanda mizere. Choncho mizere yokha si njira yotsimikizika yozindikirira njokayi.1
Nthawi zambiri imakhala yaitali pafupifupi mamita 1.2, ndi thupi lolimba komanso mutu wosongoka pang'ono, wozungulira.1

Nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi: Mtundu si njira yodalirika yosiyanitsira njokazi, ngakhale pakati pa mitundu yawo ing'onoing'ono. Njira yabwino yozizindikira molondola ndi yoti katswiri agwiritse ntchito chida choyezera ululu kapena awerenge mamba ake.1

Mphamvu ya ululu

Imaluma

Ululu umatuluka kudzera m'mano ake ikaluma.

Ululu wake umachita chiyani?

Ululu wa njokayi uli ndi zinthu zamphamvu zowononga minyewa (neurotoxins), zinthu zosokoneza kuundana kwa magazi (coagulants), zinthu zophwanya maselo a magazi (haemolysins) ndi zinthu zowononga minofu (myotoxins). Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi kupweteka pamalo enaake m'phazi ndi m'khosi, kumva nyerere, dzanzi ndi kutuluka thukuta. Kenako kuvutika kupuma ndi ziwalo kulephera kugwira ntchito (kufa ziwalo) kungatsatire mofulumira ndithu.1

Ndi yoopsa bwanji kwa anthu?

Ngozi kwa anthu: YakuphaImodzi mwa nyama zoopsa kwambiri padziko lonse.

Pakati pa 2005 ndi 2015, njokazi ndi zimene zinaluma 17% ya anthu olumidwa ndi njoka ku Australia amene njoka yawo inadziwika. Mwa anthu 119 otsimikizika kuti analowetsedwa ululu, anayi anafa. Njokazi zingathe kupha anthu. Ku Australia, ndi njoka yofiirira (brown snake) yokha imene imapha anthu ambiri kuposa njokayi. Kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti anthu 40% mpaka 60% amafa ngati sanalandire chithandizo.1

Nkhani yabwino: madokotala ali ndi mankhwala (antivenom) kapena chithandizo cha ichi.1

Imachita chiyani ikachita mantha?

Ikaopsezedwa, njokayi imapanikiza thupi lake kuti likhale lophwathalala ndipo imakweza mutu wake pamwamba pa nthaka. Umu ndi mmene imakhalira ikatsala pang'ono kuluma.1

Ikaluma

Gwiritsani ntchito njira yomanga mwamphamvu ndi kusasuntha chiwalo (pressure immobilisation). Mangani mabandeji otambalala ndi okhuthala pamalo olumidwa, kenako pitirizani kumanga kutsika ndi kubwerera m'mwamba pa mkono kapena mwendo wonse mpaka kukhwapa kapena kumpheto. Chiwalocho chisasunthe pochimanga ndi chogwiriziza (splint). Ku Tasmania sikofunika kuzindikira njokayo, chifukwa mankhwala ofanana olimbana ndi ululu (antivenom) amachiza kulumidwa ndi njoka zonse za ku Tasmania.1
Kumanga ndi kusasuntha (pressure immobilisation): manga bandeji yotanuka mwamphamvu pamene walumidwa kenako mmwamba chiwalo chonse, ika chogwiriziza (splint), ndipo munthuyo akhale chete osasuntha konse mpaka thandizo litafika.
Usasambitse pamene walumidwa: zipatala zingathe kuyeza ululu wotsala pakhungu kuti zisankhe antivenom (mankhwala a ululu) yoyenera.

Nthawi zonse yamba wayimbira nambala yadzidzidzi (112, 000, 911). Awa ndi malangizo wamba a chithandizo choyamba, osati malangizo a dokotala. Zoyambira za chithandizo choyamba

Khala wotetezeka

Usakhudze, kugwira kapena kuseweretsa nyama yakuthengo, ngakhale yaing'ono, ndipo ngakhale ikuoneka ngati yagona kapena yafa.
Ipatse malo. Ukakumana nayo, khala chete, bwerera m'mbuyo pang'onopang'ono ndipo uilole ipite njira yake.
Ikakuluma: khala chete, usasunthe, imbira nambala yadzidzidzi (112, 000, 911) kapena pita kuchipatala mwachangu. Kumbukira m'mene inkaonekera, chithunzi chimathandiza.

Sikufuna kukuvulaza. Imagwiritsa ntchito ululu wake kugwira chakudya kapena kudziteteza, ndipo imakonda kwambiri kubisala. Zambiri za kukhala wotetezeka

Kuti padziko lapansi?

Africa Asia Ulaya Amereka ya Kumpoto Amereka ya Kumwera Australia ndi Oceania

Ndi yaikulu bwanji?

Ndi yaitali bwanji?

yaitali ngati amphaka apakhomo 4 mphuno ndi mchira motsatizanayaitali ngati nthochi 11 zoyalidwa motsatizanaingathamange mamita 100 m'masekondi 49 (munthu wothamanga kwambiri amafunika 9.6)

Njoka ya mizere ngati nyalugwe ndi yaikulu bwanji poyerekeza ndi IWE?

Ndi masamu chabe mu msakatuli wako. Palibe chomwe chimasungidwa kapena kutumizidwa kwina.

Imathamanga bwanji?

Munthu akuyenda pafupifupi 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Njoka ya mizere ngati nyalugwe pafupifupi 7,3 km/h (4,5 mph)

Mwana pa njinga pafupifupi 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

zoyenera kudziwa

Mfundo

Njokayi imatulutsa ululu wokwana mamiligalamu 35 mpaka 65, pamene mamiligalamu 3 okha ndi okwanira kupha munthu.1

Njoka ya pachilumba cha Chappell ndi chimphona cha mtundu umenewu. Pafupifupi, imakhala yaitali kuposa mapazi 6 (pafupifupi mamita 1.9).1

Njokazi zimatha kupezeka zikusambira, zikukwera mitengo komanso zikulowa m'nyumba.1

Njokazi zimatetezedwa ndi lamulo m'madera ambiri a Australia. Kupha kapena kuvulaza imodzi kungachititse kuti munthu alipitsidwe chindapusa chofika A$7,500.1

Njokazi zimapirira kuzizira, ndipo zingathe kuyendayenda usiku wotentha pang'ono.1

Njoka za ku Tasmania nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodekha, mwina chifukwa zimakhala m'madera ozizira.1

Kuthetsa nthano zabodza

Nthano yabodza: Mutha kudziwa mtundu wa njokayi poona mtundu wa thupi lake.

Zoona: Mtundu wa thupi umasiyana kwambiri pakati pa njoka ndi njoka komanso malinga ndi nyengo. Choncho si njira yodalirika yozindikirira njoka. Chida choyezera ululu kapena kuwerenga mamba ndi njira zolondola kwambiri.1

Za akatswiri a ululu

Dzina la sayansi: Notechis scutatus
Gulu: Njoka za ku Australia
Banja: Elapidae2
Dongosolo: Squamata
Makontinenti: Australia ndi Oceania
Ana akhanda: Njokazi zimabereka ana amoyo, nthawi zambiri 20 mpaka 30 nthawi imodzi. Panali yaikazi imodzi ya kum'mawa imene, mosiyana ndi nthawi zonse, inabereka ana 64.1
Ngozi kwa anthu: 5 / 5: Yakupha3

Kumene mfundo zimachokera

Tiger snake (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Notechis scutatus (iNaturalist): mayina ndi magulu a sayansi.
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