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Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium

Irababaza gusaNtukayikorehoIrababaza, ariko ntizakugirira nabi bikomeye.

Ibikeri by'uburozi, ibikeri binini na newt

Uburozi mu ruhu rwayoIrya: InyamaIfite uburozi, ntifite ubumara

Akaga ku bantu: IrababazaIshobora kubabaza cyane, ariko hafi ya buri gihe nta kibazo gikomeye biteza.

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

Ifite uburozi cyangwa ifite ubumara? Inyamaswa zifite ubumara zibwinjiza mu mubiri ziruma cyangwa zitera urubori. Inyamaswa zifite uburozi zigira nabi uzikozeho cyangwa uziriye. Iyi ifite uburozi.

Iba muri

Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1

Amerika y'Amajyepfo

Ahabanza

It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1

Uburebure

1,2 cm kugeza kuri 2 cm (0,5 in kugeza kuri 0,8 in)1

Umuvuduko wo hejuru

hafi 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Ku butaka, ikigereranyo cy'ugereranyije

Irya iki?

It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1

Ifoto ya Pumpkin toadlet — Pumpkin toadlet. Ifoto: Carlos Otávio Gussoni. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Uko wayimenya

Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
Females tend to be larger than males.1

Ikunze kwitiranywa na: It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

Imbaraga z'uburozi

Uburozi mu ruhu rwayo

Uruhu rwayo rufite uburozi. Ni bibi kuyikoraho, kuyirigata cyangwa kuyirya.

Uburozi bwayo bukora iki?

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

Iteje akaga kangana iki ku bantu?

Akaga ku bantu: IrababazaIshobora kubabaza cyane, ariko hafi ya buri gihe nta kibazo gikomeye biteza.

Ikora iki iyo ifite ubwoba?

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

Niba hari uwayikozeho cyangwa uwayiriye

Niba hari uwakoze ku yindi: karaba intoki neza kandi ntukore ku maso cyangwa ku munwa. Niba umwana cyangwa itungo ryayirigase cyangwa ryayiriye: hamagara ikigo gishinzwe uburozi cyangwa nimero y'ubutabazi.

Buri gihe banza uhamagare nimero y'ubutabazi (112, 000, 911). Izi ni inama rusange z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, si inama za muganga. Ibanze by'ubutabazi bw'ibanze

Irinde akaga

Ntuzigere ukora, ufata cyangwa ushotora inyamaswa yo mu gasozi, nubwo yaba ntoya, kandi nubwo yasa n'isinziriye cyangwa yapfuye.
Yihe umwanya. Niba uhuye n'imwe, tuza, usubire inyuma buhoro buhoro kandi uyireke yigendere.
Niba wayikozeho cyangwa wayiriye: ntukube amaso cyangwa umunwa, karaba intoki kandi ushake ubufasha bwa muganga.

Ntigushakisha ngo ikugirire nabi. Uburozi bwayo buriho gusa kugira ngo hatagira ikiyirya. Ibindi ku kwirinda

Ni hehe ku isi?

Afurika Aziya Uburayi Amerika y'Amajyaruguru Amerika y'Amajyepfo Ositaraliya na Oseyaniya

Ingana gute?

Ireshya ite?

ngufi kurusha agahera kaweyakwiruka metero 100 mu masegonda 180 (umuntu wihuta kurusha abandi akenera 9,6)

Pumpkin toadlet ingana ite ugereranyije NAWE?

Ni imibare gusa ikorerwa muri mudasobwa yawe. Nta kintu kibikwa cyangwa cyoherezwa ahandi.

Yihuta gute?

Akanyamasyo hafi 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Pumpkin toadlet hafi 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Umuntu ugenda n'amaguru hafi 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

bikwiye kumenywa

Ibintu by'ukuri

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

Usenya ibinyoma

Ikinyoma: Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

Ukuri: Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

Ku bahanga mu by'ubumara

Izina rya siyansi: Brachycephalus ephippium
Itsinda: Ibikeri by'uburozi, ibikeri binini na newt
Umuryango: Brachycephalidae2
Itsinda rinini (order): Anura
Imigabane: Amerika y'Amajyepfo
Abana bato: It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
Uko imeze mu gasozi: Not considered threatened1
Akaga ku bantu: 2 / 5: Irababaza3

Aho ibintu bivugwa bituruka

Pumpkin toadlet (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Brachycephalus ephippium (iNaturalist): amazina n'ibyiciro.
Venom Wiki: urwego rw'akaga, ingano isanzwe n'ikigereranyo cy'umuvuduko ni ibyacu bwite. Reba uko tubibara: Uko tugena akaga.

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